Death
At about 2:45 p.m. (EST), on 22 January 2008, Ledger was found unconscious in his bed by his housekeeper, Teresa Solomon, and his masseuse, Diana Wolozin, in his fourth-floor loft apartment at 421 Broome Street in the SoHo neighborhood of Manhattan. [5][6]
According to the police, Wolozin, who had arrived early for a 3:00 p.m. appointment with Ledger, called Ledger's friend, actress Mary-Kate Olsen, for help. Olsen, who was in California, directed a New York City private security guard to go to the scene. At 3:26 p.m., "[fewer] than 15 minutes after Wolozin first saw him in bed and only a few moments" after first calling Olsen and then calling her a second time to express her fears that Ledger was dead, Wolozin telephoned 9-1-1 "to say that Mr. Ledger was not breathing." At the urging of the 9-1-1 operator, Wolozin administered CPR, which was unsuccessful in reviving him.[89]
Emergency medical technicians (EMT) arrived seven minutes later, at 3:33 p.m. ("at almost exactly the same moment as a private security guard summoned by Ms. Olsen"), but were also unable to revive him.[5][89][90] At 3:36 p.m., Ledger was pronounced dead and his body removed from the apartment.[5][89]
Memorial tributes and services
Memorial for Heath Ledger, outside 421 Broome Street, SoHo, Manhattan, 23 January 2008As the news of Ledger's death became public, throughout the night of 22 January 2008, and the next day, media crews, mourners, fans, and other onlookers began gathering outside his apartment building, with some leaving flowers or other memorial tributes.
On 23 January 2008, at 10:50 a.m., Australian time, Ledger's parents and sister appeared outside his mother's house in Applecross, a riverside suburb of Perth, and read a short statement to the media expressing their grief and desire for privacy.[91] Within the next few days, memorial tributes were communicated by family members, Prime Minister of Australia Kevin Rudd, Deputy Premier of Western Australia Eric Ripper, Warner Bros. (distributor of The Dark Knight), and thousands of Ledger's fans around the world.[27][92][93][94][95]
Several actors made statements expressing their sorrow at Ledger's death, including Daniel Day-Lewis, who dedicated his Screen Actors Guild Award to Ledger, saying that he was inspired by Ledger's acting; Day-Lewis praised Ledger's performances in Monster's Ball and Brokeback Mountain, describing the latter as "unique, perfect."[96][97]
On 1 February 2008, in her first public statement after Ledger's death, Michelle Williams expressed her heartbreak and described Ledger's spirit as surviving in their daughter.[98][99]
After attending private memorial ceremonies in Los Angeles, Ledger's family members returned with his body to Perth.[100][101][102]
On 9 February 2008, a memorial service attended by several hundred invited guests was held at Penrhos College, garnering considerable press attention; afterward Ledger's body was cremated at Fremantle Cemetery, followed by a private service attended by only 10 closest family members,[32][103][104] with his ashes to be interred later in a family plot at Karrakatta Cemetery, next to two of his grandparents.[102][105][106] Later that night, his family and friends gathered for a wake on Cottesloe Beach.[32][105][107][108][109][110]
Autopsy and toxicological analysis
After two weeks of intense media speculation about possible causes of Ledger's death, on 6 February 2008, the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of New York released its conclusions, based on an initial autopsy of 23 January 2008, and a subsequent complete toxicological analysis.[13][14][111][112] The report concludes, in part, "Mr. Heath Ledger died as the result of acute intoxication by the combined effects of oxycodone, hydrocodone, diazepam, temazepam, alprazolam and doxylamine."[13][15] It also states definitively: "We have concluded that the manner of death is accident, resulting from the abuse of prescription medications."[13][15] The medications found in the toxicological analysis are commonly prescribed in the United States for insomnia, anxiety, depression, pain, and/or cold symptoms.[13][15] Although the Associated Press and other media reported that "police estimate Ledger's time of death between 1 p.m. and 2:45 p.m." (on 22 January 2008),[113] the Medical Examiner's Office announced that it would not be publicly disclosing the official estimated time of death.[100][114] The official announcement of the cause and manner of Ledger's death heightened concerns about the growing problems of prescription drug abuse or misuse and Combined Drug Intoxication (CDI).[14][112][115]
Federal investigation
Late in February 2008, a DEA investigation of medical professionals relating to Ledger's death exonerated two American physicians, who practice in Los Angeles and Houston, of any wrongdoing, determining that "the doctors in question had prescribed Ledger other medications – not the pills that killed him."[116][117]
On 4 August 2008, citing unnamed sources, Murray Weiss, of the New York Post, first reported that Mary-Kate Olsen had "refused [through her attorney, Michael C. Miller] to be interviewed by federal investigators probing the accidental drug death of her close friend Heath Ledger ... [without] ... immunity from prosecution," and that, when asked about the matter, Miller at first declined further comment.[118][119] Later that day, after the police confirmed the gist of Weiss's account to the Associated Press, Miller issued a statement denying that Olsen supplied Ledger with the drugs causing his death and asserting that she did not know their source."[120][121] In his statement, Miller said specifically: "Despite tabloid speculation, Mary-Kate Olsen had nothing whatsoever to do with the drugs found in Heath Ledger's home or his body, and she does not know where he obtained them," emphasizing that media "descriptions [attributed to an unidentified source] are incomplete and inaccurate."[122]
After a flurry of further media speculation, on 6 August 2008, the U.S. Attorney's Office in Manhattan closed its investigation into Ledger's death without filing any charges and rendering moot its subpoena of Olsen.[123][124] With the clearing of the two doctors and Olsen, and the closing of the investigation because the prosecutors in the Manhattan U.S. Attorney's Office "don't believe there's a viable target," it is still not known how Ledger obtained the oxycodone and hydrocodone in the lethal drug combination that killed him.[124][125]
Controversy over will
After Ledger's death, in response to some press reports about his will, filed in New York City on 28 February 2008,[126][127] and his daughter's access to his financial legacy, his father, Kim Ledger, said that he considered the financial well-being of his granddaughter Matilda Rose the Ledger family's "absolute priority" and her mother, Michelle Williams, "an integral part of our family," adding "They will be taken care of and that's how Heath would want it to be."[128] Some of Ledger's relatives may be challenging the legal status of his will signed in 2003, prior to his involvement with Williams and the birth of their daughter and not updated to include them, which divides half of his estate between his parents and half among his siblings; they claim that there is a second, unsigned will, which leaves most of that estate to Matilda Rose.[129][130] Williams' father, Larry Williams, has also joined the controversy about Ledger's will as it was filed in New York City soon after his death.[131]
On 31 March 2008, stimulating another controversy pertaining to Ledger's estate, Gemma Jones and Janet Fife-Yeomans published an "Exclusive" report, in The Daily Telegraph, citing Ledger's uncle Haydn Ledger and other family members, who "believe the late actor may have fathered a secret love child" when he was 17, and stating that "If it is confirmed that Ledger is the girl's biological father, it could split his multi-million dollar estate between ... Matilda Rose ... and his secret love child."[132][133][134] A few days later, reports citing telephone interviews with Ledger's uncles Haydn and Mike Ledger and the family of the other little girl, published in OK! and Us Weekly, "denied" those "claims", with Ledger's uncles and the little girl's mother and stepfather describing them as unfounded "rumors" distorted and exaggerated by the media.[135][136]
On 15 July 2008, Fife-Yeomans reported further, via Australian News Limited, that "While Ledger left everything to his parents and three sisters, it is understood they have legal advice that under WA law, Matilda Rose is entitled to the lion's share" of his estate; its executors, Kim Ledger's former business colleague Robert John Collins and Geraldton accountant William Mark Dyson, "have applied for probate in the West Australian Supreme Court in Perth, advertising "for 'creditors and other persons' having claims on the estate to lodge them by 11 August 2008 ... to ensure all debts are paid before the estate is distributed...."[137] According to this report by Fife-Yeomans, earlier reports citing Ledger's uncles,[128] and subsequent reports citing Ledger's father, which do not include his actual posthumous earnings, "his entire fortune, mostly held in Australian trusts, is likely to be worth up to [A]$20 million."[137][138][139]
On 27 September 2008, Ledger's father Kim stated that "the family has agreed to leave the [US]$16.3 million fortune to Matilda," adding: "There is no claim. Our family has gifted everything to Matilda."[23][138][139] In October 2008, Forbes.com estimated Ledger's annual earnings from October 2007 through October 2008 –– including his posthumous share of The Dark Knight 's gross income of "[US]$991 million in box office revenue worldwide" –– as "[US]$20 million."[140]
Thursday, December 24, 2009
Sleep difficulties and other work-related health issues
Sleep difficulties and other work-related health issues
In their New York Times interview, published on 4 November 2007, Ledger told Sarah Lyall that his recently-completed roles in I'm Not There (2007) and The Dark Knight (2008) had taken a toll on his ability to sleep: "Last week I probably slept an average of two hours a night. ... I couldn't stop thinking. My body was exhausted, and my mind was still going."[64] At that time, he told Lyall that he had taken two Ambien pills, after taking just one had not sufficed, and those left him in "a stupor, only to wake up an hour later, his mind still racing."[64]
Prior to his return to New York from his last film assignment, in London, in January 2008, while he was apparently suffering from some kind of respiratory illness, he reportedly complained to his co-star Christopher Plummer that he was continuing to have difficulty sleeping and taking pills to help with that problem: "Confirming earlier reports that Ledger hadn't been feeling well on set, Plummer says, 'we all caught colds because we were shooting outside on horrible, damp nights. But Heath's went on and I don't think he dealt with it immediately with the antibiotics.... [sic] I think what he did have was the walking pneumonia.' [...] On top of that, 'He was saying all the time, "dammit, I can't sleep"...[sic] and he was taking all these pills [to help him] [sic].' "[87]
In talking with Interview magazine after his death, Ledger's former fiancée Michelle Williams "also confirmed reports the actor had experienced trouble sleeping. 'For as long as I'd known him, he had bouts with insomnia,' she said. 'He had too much energy. His mind was turning, turning turning always turning.' "[88]
In their New York Times interview, published on 4 November 2007, Ledger told Sarah Lyall that his recently-completed roles in I'm Not There (2007) and The Dark Knight (2008) had taken a toll on his ability to sleep: "Last week I probably slept an average of two hours a night. ... I couldn't stop thinking. My body was exhausted, and my mind was still going."[64] At that time, he told Lyall that he had taken two Ambien pills, after taking just one had not sufficed, and those left him in "a stupor, only to wake up an hour later, his mind still racing."[64]
Prior to his return to New York from his last film assignment, in London, in January 2008, while he was apparently suffering from some kind of respiratory illness, he reportedly complained to his co-star Christopher Plummer that he was continuing to have difficulty sleeping and taking pills to help with that problem: "Confirming earlier reports that Ledger hadn't been feeling well on set, Plummer says, 'we all caught colds because we were shooting outside on horrible, damp nights. But Heath's went on and I don't think he dealt with it immediately with the antibiotics.... [sic] I think what he did have was the walking pneumonia.' [...] On top of that, 'He was saying all the time, "dammit, I can't sleep"...[sic] and he was taking all these pills [to help him] [sic].' "[87]
In talking with Interview magazine after his death, Ledger's former fiancée Michelle Williams "also confirmed reports the actor had experienced trouble sleeping. 'For as long as I'd known him, he had bouts with insomnia,' she said. 'He had too much energy. His mind was turning, turning turning always turning.' "[88]
Career
Career
1990s
After sitting for early graduation exams at 16, Ledger left school to pursue an acting career.[29] With Trevor DiCarlo, his best friend since he was 3, Ledger drove across Australia from Perth to Sydney, returning to Perth to take a small role in Clowning Around (1992), the first part of a two-part television series, and to work on the TV series Sweat (1996), in which he played a gay cyclist.[24] From 1993 to 1997, Ledger also had parts in the Perth television series Ship to Shore (1993); in the short-lived Fox Broadcasting Company fantasy-drama Roar (1997); in Home and Away (1997), one of Australia's most successful television shows; and in the Australian movie Blackrock (1997), his feature film debut.[24] In 1999, he starred in the teen comedy 10 Things I Hate About You and in the acclaimed Australian crime movie Two Hands, directed by Gregor Jordan.[24]
2000s
From 2000 to 2005, he starred in supporting roles as Gabriel Martin, the eldest son of Benjamin Martin (Mel Gibson), in The Patriot (2000), and as Sonny Grotowski, the son of Hank Grotowski (Billy Bob Thornton), in Monster's Ball (2000); and in leading or title roles in A Knight's Tale (2001), The Four Feathers (2002), The Order (2003), Ned Kelly (2003), Casanova (2005), The Brothers Grimm (2005), and Lords of Dogtown (2005).[2] In 2001, he won a ShoWest Award as "Male Star of Tomorrow".[54]
Ledger received "Best Actor of 2005" awards from both the New York Film Critics Circle and the San Francisco Film Critics Circle for his performance in Brokeback Mountain,[55][56] in which he plays Wyoming ranch hand Ennis Del Mar, who has a love affair with aspiring rodeo rider Jack Twist, played by Jake Gyllenhaal.[57] He also received a nomination for Golden Globe Best Actor in a Drama and a nomination for Academy Award for Best Actor for this performance,[58][59] making him, at age 26, the ninth youngest nominee for a Best Actor Oscar. In The New York Times review of the film, critic Stephen Holden writes: "Both Mr. Ledger and Mr. Gyllenhaal make this anguished love story physically palpable. Mr. Ledger magically and mysteriously disappears beneath the skin of his lean, sinewy character. It is a great screen performance, as good as the best of Marlon Brando and Sean Penn."[60] In a review in Rolling Stone, Peter Travers states: "Ledger's magnificent performance is an acting miracle. He seems to tear it from his insides. Ledger doesn't just know how Ennis moves, speaks and listens; he knows how he breathes. To see him inhale the scent of a shirt hanging in Jack's closet is to take measure of the pain of love lost."[61]
After Brokeback Mountain, Ledger costarred with fellow Australian Abbie Cornish in the 2006 Australian film Candy, an adaptation of the 1998 novel Candy: A Novel of Love and Addiction, as young heroin addicts in love attempting to break free of their addiction, whose mentor is played by renowned Australian actor Geoffrey Rush; for his performance as sometime poet Dan, Ledger was nominated for three "Best Actor" awards, including one of the Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards 2006, which both Cornish and Rush won in their categories. A couple of weeks after the release of Candy, Ledger was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.[62]
As one of six actors embodying different aspects of the life of Bob Dylan in the 2007 film I'm Not There, directed by Todd Haynes, Ledger "won praise for his portrayal of 'Robbie [Clark],' a moody, counter-culture actor who represents the romanticist side of Dylan, but says accolades are never his motivation."[63] Posthumously, on 23 February 2008, he shared the 2007 Independent Spirit Robert Altman Award with the rest of the film's ensemble cast, its director, and its casting director.[3]
In his penultimate film performance, Ledger plays the Joker in The Dark Knight, directed by Christopher Nolan, the sequel to the 2005 film Batman Begins, first released, in Australia, on 16 July 2008, nearly six months after his death. While still working on the film, in London, Ledger told Sarah Lyall, in their interview published in the New York Times on 4 November 2007, that he viewed The Dark Knight's Joker as a "psychopathic, mass murdering, schizophrenic clown with zero empathy."[64] To prepare for the role, Ledger told Empire, "I sat around in a hotel room in London for about a month, locked myself away, formed a little diary and experimented with voices — it was important to try to find a somewhat iconic voice and laugh. I ended up landing more in the realm of a psychopath — someone with very little to no conscience towards his acts"; after reiterating his view of the character as "just an absolute sociopath, a cold-blooded, mass-murdering clown," he added that Nolan had given him "free rein" to create the role, which he found "fun, because there are no real boundaries to what The Joker would say or do. Nothing intimidates him, and everything is a big joke."[65][66][67] For his work in The Dark Knight, Ledger has received several posthumous award nominations and won some of these awards.
At the time of his death, on 22 January 2008, Ledger had completed about half of the work for his final film performance as Tony in The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus.[16][22][23]
Directorial work
Ledger had aspirations to become a film director and had made some music videos, which director Todd Haynes praised highly in his tribute to Ledger upon accepting the ISP Robert Altman Award, which Ledger posthumously shared, on 23 February 2008.[3]
In 2006 Ledger directed music videos for the title track on Australian hip-hop artist N'fa's CD debut solo album Cause an Effect[68] and for the single "Seduction Is Evil (She's Hot)".[69][70]
Later that year, Ledger inaugurated a new record label, Masses Music, with singer Ben Harper and also directed a music video for Harper's song "Morning Yearning".[64][71]
At a news conference at the 2007 Venice Film Festival, Ledger spoke of his desire to make a documentary film about the British singer-songwriter Nick Drake, who died in 1974, at the age of 26, from an overdose of an antidepressant.[72] Ledger created and acted in a music video set to Drake's recording of the singer's 1974 song about depression "Black Eyed Dog"–a title "inspired by Winston Churchill’s descriptive term for depression" (black dog)[73]; it was shown publicly only twice, first at the Bumbershoot Festival, in Seattle, Washington, held from 1 September to 3 September 2007; and secondly as part of "A Place To Be: A Celebration of Nick Drake", with its screening of Their Place: Reflections On Nick Drake, "a series of short filmed homages to Nick Drake" (including Ledger's), sponsored by American Cinematheque, at the Grauman's Egyptian Theatre, in Hollywood, on 5 October 2007.[74] After Ledger's death, his music video for "Black Eyed Dog" was shown on the internet and excerpted in news clips distributed via YouTube.[72][75][76][77]
He was also working with Scottish screenwriter and producer Allan Scott on an adaptation of the 1983 novel The Queen's Gambit, by Walter Tevis; he was planning both to act in and to direct it, and it would have been his first feature film as a director.[3][4][38][78]
1990s
After sitting for early graduation exams at 16, Ledger left school to pursue an acting career.[29] With Trevor DiCarlo, his best friend since he was 3, Ledger drove across Australia from Perth to Sydney, returning to Perth to take a small role in Clowning Around (1992), the first part of a two-part television series, and to work on the TV series Sweat (1996), in which he played a gay cyclist.[24] From 1993 to 1997, Ledger also had parts in the Perth television series Ship to Shore (1993); in the short-lived Fox Broadcasting Company fantasy-drama Roar (1997); in Home and Away (1997), one of Australia's most successful television shows; and in the Australian movie Blackrock (1997), his feature film debut.[24] In 1999, he starred in the teen comedy 10 Things I Hate About You and in the acclaimed Australian crime movie Two Hands, directed by Gregor Jordan.[24]
2000s
From 2000 to 2005, he starred in supporting roles as Gabriel Martin, the eldest son of Benjamin Martin (Mel Gibson), in The Patriot (2000), and as Sonny Grotowski, the son of Hank Grotowski (Billy Bob Thornton), in Monster's Ball (2000); and in leading or title roles in A Knight's Tale (2001), The Four Feathers (2002), The Order (2003), Ned Kelly (2003), Casanova (2005), The Brothers Grimm (2005), and Lords of Dogtown (2005).[2] In 2001, he won a ShoWest Award as "Male Star of Tomorrow".[54]
Ledger received "Best Actor of 2005" awards from both the New York Film Critics Circle and the San Francisco Film Critics Circle for his performance in Brokeback Mountain,[55][56] in which he plays Wyoming ranch hand Ennis Del Mar, who has a love affair with aspiring rodeo rider Jack Twist, played by Jake Gyllenhaal.[57] He also received a nomination for Golden Globe Best Actor in a Drama and a nomination for Academy Award for Best Actor for this performance,[58][59] making him, at age 26, the ninth youngest nominee for a Best Actor Oscar. In The New York Times review of the film, critic Stephen Holden writes: "Both Mr. Ledger and Mr. Gyllenhaal make this anguished love story physically palpable. Mr. Ledger magically and mysteriously disappears beneath the skin of his lean, sinewy character. It is a great screen performance, as good as the best of Marlon Brando and Sean Penn."[60] In a review in Rolling Stone, Peter Travers states: "Ledger's magnificent performance is an acting miracle. He seems to tear it from his insides. Ledger doesn't just know how Ennis moves, speaks and listens; he knows how he breathes. To see him inhale the scent of a shirt hanging in Jack's closet is to take measure of the pain of love lost."[61]
After Brokeback Mountain, Ledger costarred with fellow Australian Abbie Cornish in the 2006 Australian film Candy, an adaptation of the 1998 novel Candy: A Novel of Love and Addiction, as young heroin addicts in love attempting to break free of their addiction, whose mentor is played by renowned Australian actor Geoffrey Rush; for his performance as sometime poet Dan, Ledger was nominated for three "Best Actor" awards, including one of the Film Critics Circle of Australia Awards 2006, which both Cornish and Rush won in their categories. A couple of weeks after the release of Candy, Ledger was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.[62]
As one of six actors embodying different aspects of the life of Bob Dylan in the 2007 film I'm Not There, directed by Todd Haynes, Ledger "won praise for his portrayal of 'Robbie [Clark],' a moody, counter-culture actor who represents the romanticist side of Dylan, but says accolades are never his motivation."[63] Posthumously, on 23 February 2008, he shared the 2007 Independent Spirit Robert Altman Award with the rest of the film's ensemble cast, its director, and its casting director.[3]
In his penultimate film performance, Ledger plays the Joker in The Dark Knight, directed by Christopher Nolan, the sequel to the 2005 film Batman Begins, first released, in Australia, on 16 July 2008, nearly six months after his death. While still working on the film, in London, Ledger told Sarah Lyall, in their interview published in the New York Times on 4 November 2007, that he viewed The Dark Knight's Joker as a "psychopathic, mass murdering, schizophrenic clown with zero empathy."[64] To prepare for the role, Ledger told Empire, "I sat around in a hotel room in London for about a month, locked myself away, formed a little diary and experimented with voices — it was important to try to find a somewhat iconic voice and laugh. I ended up landing more in the realm of a psychopath — someone with very little to no conscience towards his acts"; after reiterating his view of the character as "just an absolute sociopath, a cold-blooded, mass-murdering clown," he added that Nolan had given him "free rein" to create the role, which he found "fun, because there are no real boundaries to what The Joker would say or do. Nothing intimidates him, and everything is a big joke."[65][66][67] For his work in The Dark Knight, Ledger has received several posthumous award nominations and won some of these awards.
At the time of his death, on 22 January 2008, Ledger had completed about half of the work for his final film performance as Tony in The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus.[16][22][23]
Directorial work
Ledger had aspirations to become a film director and had made some music videos, which director Todd Haynes praised highly in his tribute to Ledger upon accepting the ISP Robert Altman Award, which Ledger posthumously shared, on 23 February 2008.[3]
In 2006 Ledger directed music videos for the title track on Australian hip-hop artist N'fa's CD debut solo album Cause an Effect[68] and for the single "Seduction Is Evil (She's Hot)".[69][70]
Later that year, Ledger inaugurated a new record label, Masses Music, with singer Ben Harper and also directed a music video for Harper's song "Morning Yearning".[64][71]
At a news conference at the 2007 Venice Film Festival, Ledger spoke of his desire to make a documentary film about the British singer-songwriter Nick Drake, who died in 1974, at the age of 26, from an overdose of an antidepressant.[72] Ledger created and acted in a music video set to Drake's recording of the singer's 1974 song about depression "Black Eyed Dog"–a title "inspired by Winston Churchill’s descriptive term for depression" (black dog)[73]; it was shown publicly only twice, first at the Bumbershoot Festival, in Seattle, Washington, held from 1 September to 3 September 2007; and secondly as part of "A Place To Be: A Celebration of Nick Drake", with its screening of Their Place: Reflections On Nick Drake, "a series of short filmed homages to Nick Drake" (including Ledger's), sponsored by American Cinematheque, at the Grauman's Egyptian Theatre, in Hollywood, on 5 October 2007.[74] After Ledger's death, his music video for "Black Eyed Dog" was shown on the internet and excerpted in news clips distributed via YouTube.[72][75][76][77]
He was also working with Scottish screenwriter and producer Allan Scott on an adaptation of the 1983 novel The Queen's Gambit, by Walter Tevis; he was planning both to act in and to direct it, and it would have been his first feature film as a director.[3][4][38][78]
Friday, December 26, 2008
Wednesday, December 24, 2008
Notes
Notes
^ a b AP (2008-01-23). "Timeline of Heath Ledger's Career" (Web), gmanews.tv, GMA Network. Retrieved on 27 April 2008.
^ a b "Filmography - Heath Ledger" (Web). Hello!. Hello! Ltd. Retrieved on 2008-08-18.
^ a b c d e "Todd Haynes Dedicates Robert Altman Award to Heath Ledger" (Web video clip). You Tube. Google (2008-02-23). Retrieved on 2008-08-08.
^ a b c Adam Dawtrey (2008-01-23). "'Parnassus' Team Faces Dilemma", Variety, Variety.com (Reed Elsevier). Retrieved on 23 January 2008.
^ a b c d e f James Barron (2008-01-23). "Heath Ledger, Actor, Is Found Dead at 28" (Web), The New York Times, nytimes.com (The New York Times Company). Retrieved on 27 April 2008.
^ a b c d "Heath Ledger: The Times Obituary" (Web), The Times, timesonline.co.uk (News International) (2008-01-23). Retrieved on 27 April 2008.
^ "Heath Ledger Honored at Independent Spirit Awards" (Web), ET Online, etonline.com (CBS Studios Inc.) (2008-02-23). Retrieved on 8 August 2008.
^ "Ledger Honoured at AFI Awards". ABC Online. abc.net.au (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). Retrieved on 2008-12-06.
^ Stephen M. Silverman (2008-12-08). "Movie News: Teary Family Gathers as Heath Ledger Wins Acting Prize" (Web). People. Time Inc. (Time Warner). Retrieved on 2008-12-11.
^ a b "Golden Globes: Heath Ledger's Family 'So Proud' of Globe Nod" ([World Wide Web), People, Time Inc. (Time Warner) (2008-12-11). Retrieved on 11 December 2008.
^ a b Joe Neumaier (2008-12-11). "Golden Globe Nominations Upset Oscar Hopes; Heath Ledger Wins Nod, 'Milk' Left Out" (Web), New York Daily News, nydailynews.com. Retrieved on 11 December 2008.
^ a b Rick Marshall (2008-12-11). "Golden Globes Deny 'The Dark Knight,' Heath Ledger Nominated" (Web), MTV Splashpage, splashpage.mtv.com. Retrieved on 11 December 2008.
^ a b c d e Sewell Chan and James Barron (contributing) (2008-02-06). "City Room: Heath Ledger's Death Is Ruled an Accident" (Web), The New York Times, cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com (The New York Times Company). Retrieved on 17 August 2008.
^ a b c CNN (2008-02-06). "Ledger's Death Caused by Accidental Overdose" (Web), CNN: SHOWBIZ/Movies, cnn.com (Time Warner). Retrieved on 17 August 2008.
^ a b c d Associated Press (2008-02-06). "Heath Ledger Died of Accidental Overdose: 28-Year-Old Actor Had Oxycodone, Anti-Anxiety, Sleep Aids in His System" (Web), MSNBC (Entertainment), msnbc.msn.com. Retrieved on 17 March 2008.
^ a b c d e David M. Halbfinger (2008-03-09). "Batman's Burden: A Director Confronts Darkness and Death" (Web and print), The New York Times (Arts & Leisure: Film), nytimes.com, pp. 1, 16. Retrieved on 10 March 2008.
^ "The Dark Knight Movie Reviews" (Web). Rotten Tomatoes. rottentomatoes.com, (IGN Entertainment, News Corporation). Retrieved on 2008-08-09.
^ "The Dark Knight (2008): Reviews" (Web). Metacritic. metacritic.com (CNET Networks, CBS Corporation). Retrieved on 2008-08-09.
^ a b CNN (2008-01-24). "Ledger's Death Puts Last Films in a Bind" (Web), CNN: SHOWBIZ/Movies, cnn.com (Time Warner). Retrieved on 30 January 2008.
^ a b c Christine Kilpatrick (2008-01-24). "Production Suspended on Heath Ledger's Latest Movie" (Web), People, People.com (Time Inc.). Retrieved on 24 January 2008.
^ a b c David M. Halbfinger (2008-01-25). "Actor’s Death May Mean Film's End", The New York Times, p. 12 (Movies, Performing Arts/Weekend Desk). Retrieved on 2 February 2008.
^ a b "Gilliam, Ledger Reteam for Film" (Web), Variety, Variety.com (2007-10-31). Retrieved on 27 April 2008.
^ a b c Daily Mail Reporter (2008-10-24). "First Photos of Tragic Heath Ledger in His Last Film" (Web). Mail Online. Daily Mail and General Trust. Retrieved on 2008-12-12.
^ a b c d e f g Dominic Wills. "Heath Ledger Biography", tiscali.film & tv, tiscali.co.uk. Retrieved on 22 April 2008. "The Ledger name was well-known in Perth, the family having run a foundry that provided much of the raw material for the famous Perth to Kalgoorlie Pipeline, which ran 557 kilometres east out into the desert and, beginning to pump [water] back in 1903, first supplied the Western Australian goldfields and now served over 100,000 people and 6 million sheep in 44,000 square miles. The Sir Frank Ledger Charitable Trust, named after Heath's great-grandfather, was renowned for granting funds to the area's universities, paying for visiting lecturers and scholarships for gifted students."
^ "Heath Ledger Biography (1979-)" (Web). Filmreference.com (2007). Retrieved on 2008-08-03.
^ "Banks, Frederick & Annie" (Web). Western Australian Museum Official Website. museum.wa.gov.au. Retrieved on 2008-02-07. "The Ledger Foundry made most of the pipes, etc. for the Kalgoorlie Pipe Line. Fred worked as a partner in the Foundry & also made tools for the prospectors on the Goldfields."
^ a b "Heath Ledger among WA's Finest Sons, Says Eric Ripper", The Sunday Times (PerthNow), news.com.au (2008-01-23). Retrieved on 8 February 2008. "Heath was one of the best actors the nation had produced and his death at age 28 had shocked the community, he said. ... 'I understand he was a former student at both Mary’s Mount Primary School in Gooseberry Hill and later at Guildford Grammar,' Mr Ripper said. ... 'Apparently he left school at 16 to pursue his passion for acting. There is no doubt his wonderful work in that field in such a comparatively short time will endure.' ... Mr Ripper said Western Australians everywhere would be proud of Ledger’s work and his legacy."
^ Michael Bodey (2008-01-24). "Rocked by the System" (Web), The Australian, theaustralian.news.com.au, p. 13 (Features). Retrieved on 8 February 2008. "1985: Attends Mary's Mount Primary School in the Perth Hills and Guildford Grammar, excelling in drama and sport."
^ a b David Lipsky (2006-03-23). "Heath Ledger's Lonesome Trail", Rolling Stone, rollingstone.com. Retrieved on 21 April 2008. "His dad wanted him to race cars. Hollywood wanted him to play Spider-Man. But he wanted to play a gay cowboy. Now he's a huge star, and he's not happy about it."
^ Kevin Sessums. "We're Having a Heath Wave" (Web). Vanity Fair (vanityfair.com (Condé Nast Publications)) (August 2000): 4. http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2000/08/heath200008?currentPage=4. Retrieved on 21 April 2008. "[Dispensing with 'romantic' notions promulgated by some biographies (including Wills's in tiscali.film & tv) that he and his sister are named after characters Catherine and Heathcliff in Emily Brontë's novel Wuthering Heights], he's asked if Heath is a shortened version of Heathcliff. 'No, just Heath. But I do have an older sister named Kathy,' he says. 'Well, Kate.' ".
^ Kevin Sessums. "We're Having a Heath Wave" (Web). Vanity Fair (vanityfair.com (Condé Nast Publications)) (August 2000): 3. http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2000/08/heath200008?currentPage=3. Retrieved on 23 April 2008.
^ a b c Melissa Kent (2008-02-09). "Tears, Tributes Accompany Heath Ledger to His Final Rest", The Age, theage.com.au. Retrieved on 21 April 2008.
^ "Heath Ledger Biography", Yahoo! Movies (2008-02-06). Retrieved on 14 February 2008.
^ "Obituary of Heath Ledger Actor who thought deeply about his craft and won widespread praise for Brokeback Mountain", The Daily Telegraph (2008-01-24), p. 25. Retrieved on 7 February 2008. "At the same time he showed promise in other areas, as a junior go-kart racing champion and, aged only 10, as Western Australia's junior chess champion."
^ Brian Pendreigh (2008-01-24). " 'My friend Heath would never commit suicide'", Scotland on Sunday, news.scotsman.com. Retrieved on 14 February 2008.
^ Christina Tapper and Natasha Stoyoff (2008-01-26). "Heath Ledger's Passion for Chess", People, people.com. Retrieved on 3 February 2008. "No stranger to the New York Washington Square Park chess world, Heath Ledger found joy by screaming the occasional 'checkmate!'"
^ Josh Horowitz (2007-11-12). "Heath Ledger Discusses Delving Into Dylan for 'I'm Not There': Channeling Sid Vicious for 'Dark Knight'", MTV Movies, mtv.com. Retrieved on 3 February 2008.
^ a b Michelle Cazzulino (2008-03-29). "Heath Ledger's Gambit to Be a Director" (Web), The Daily Telegraph, news.com.au. Retrieved on 24 April 2008. "It was an opportunity tailor-made for Ledger, Scott said. 'The movie is about chess, and what is a little known fact is Heath was very close to being on the grandmaster level. He was a chess whiz, and he intended to get his grandmaster rating before he started shooting the picture.' "
^ WENN (World Entertainment News Network) (2001-06-10). "Heather Graham and Heath Ledger Split", cinema.com. Retrieved on 24 July 2008.
^ Gary Susman (2003-10-01). "Naomi Watts and Heath Ledger Split", Entertainment Weekly, ew.com. Retrieved on 23 January 2008.
^ John McShane (2008-04-20). "Loves of Heath Ledger's Life", The Courier-Mail. Retrieved on 24 April 2008. "In the first book since Heath Ledger's death, Fleet Street's John McShane looks at the actor's legacy. In this extract, he examines Ledger's relationships."
^ Kiki King, Eva Simpson, and Caroline Hedley (2006-03-03). "The Heath Is On" (Web archive), Daily Mirror (London) (3AM), mirror.co.uk, p. 16. Retrieved on 7 February 2008.
^ "Godfather Jake Gillenhaal's Silent Agony" (Web), The Daily Telegraph, news.com.au (2008-01-25). Retrieved on 5 February 2008.
^ "First Picture: Michelle Williams and Matilda Arrive in Brooklyn" (Web), Us Weekly, Usmagazine.com (2008-01-23). Retrieved on 5 February 2008.
^ Sarah Grant (2006-06-08). "Soaking Left My Lad Heath in Tears", The Daily Telegraph, p. 9. Retrieved on 8 February 2008.
^ "Ledger Hopes for $3m Profit on Beach House" (Web), The Age, theage.com.au (2006-02-11). Retrieved on 17 August 2007.
^ Angela Saurine (2006-04-15). "Why the Rich Are Kings of the Castle", The Daily Telegraph, realestate.com.au, p. 19. Retrieved on 17 August 2007.
^ Alex Williams (2007-09-30). "Brooklyn's Fragile Eco-System", The New York Times, nytimes.com, p. 1. Retrieved on 5 February 2008.
^ WENN (World Entertainment News Network) (2007-09-04). "Williams' Father Confirms Ledger Split", Hollywood.com. Retrieved on 23 January 2008.
^ "Supermodel's Last Call to Heath", news.com.au, The Daily Telegraph (2008-01-24). Retrieved on 26 January 2008.
^ Robert Stansfield (2008-01-24). "Helena Christensen Was On Way to See Heath Ledger", Scottish Daily Record, dailyrecord.co.uk, p. 6. Retrieved on 26 January 2008.
^ Holly Byrnes, Sarah Grant, and Angela Saurine (2008-01-03). "Are Gemma Ward and Heath Ledger Dating?" (Web), The Daily Telegraph, news.com.au, p. 31. Retrieved on 6 February 2008.
^ Janet Fife-Yeomans (2008-01-25). "Sorrow of Heath Ledger's Secret Love" (Web), The Daily Telegraph, p. 4. Retrieved on 6 February 2008.
^ "Showest Awards: Past Award Winners" (Web). showest.com. ShoWest (Nielsen Business Media Film Group). Retrieved on 2008-08-18.
^ "'Brokeback Mountain' leads Golden Globe nominations". CNN (2005-12-13). Retrieved on 2008-07-17.
^ "The San Francisco Film Critics Circle" (Web). San Francisco Film. splicedwire.com (2005-12-12). Retrieved on 2008-07-17.
^ Jen Chaney (2005-12-15). "'Mountain' Man Ledger's Steady Climb to the Top" (Web). Washington Post. washingtonpost.com. Retrieved on 2008-07-17.
^ "HFPA - Awards Search" (Web). Golden Globes Official Website. goldenglobes.org. Retrieved on 2008-07-17.
^ "Results Page - Academy Awards Database". Awards Database. Retrieved on 2008-07-17.
^ Stephen Holden (2005-12-09). "Film Review - Brokeback Mountain - Riding the High Country, Finding and Losing Love" (Web), nytimes.com, p. 1. Retrieved on 17 August 2007.
^ Peter Travers (2005-12-01). "Review: Brokeback Mountain", Rolling Stone, rollingstone.com. Retrieved on 27 April 2008.
^ Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (2006-07-05). "Press Releases: Academy Invites 120 to Membership" (Web), oscars.org. Retrieved on 18 August 2008.
^ Honie Stevens (2007-11-18). "Squaring the Ledger" (Web), The Daily Telegraph, news.com.au. Retrieved on 24 July 2008.
^ a b c d Sarah Lyall (2007-11-04). "Movies: In Stetson or Wig, He's Hard to Pin Down" (Web), The New York Times, Movies, nytimes.com. Retrieved on 18 August 2008.
^ Dan Jolin (January 2008). "Fear Has a Face". Empire (Bauer Verlagsgruppe) 223: 87–88. http://www.empireonline.com/magazine/covers/image.asp?id=24227&gallery=1365&caption=%23223%20%28January%202008%29. Retrieved on 8 July 2008.
^ Dan Jolin (July 2008). "The Dark Knight". Empire (Bauer Verlagsgruppe) 229: 92–100. http://www.empireonline.com/magazine/covers/image.asp?id=27819&gallery=1365&caption=%23229+%28July+2008%29. Retrieved on 18 August 2008.
^ Olly Richards (2007-11-28). "World Exclusive: The Joker Speaks: He's a Cold-blooded Mass-murdering Clown" (Web), Empire, Bauer Verlagsgruppe. Retrieved on 18 August 2008.
^ "Music: Cause An Effect – N'Fa" (Web). The Scene. thescene.com.au. Retrieved on 2008-03-05.
^ "Seduction Is Evil" (Web). Inertia Catalogue. inertia.net (2006-10-28). Retrieved on 2008-03-05.
^ Andrew Drever (2006-08-21). "N'Fa: Frontman for 1200 Techniques May Be Doing Solo Work, But Everything's Cool" (Web), The Age, theage.com.au, p. 2. Retrieved on 5 March 2008.
^ "Heath Ledger Teams Up with Ben Harper to Launch New Record Label" (Web). Starpulse Entertainment News Blog. starpulse.com (2007-02-14). Retrieved on 2008-03-05.
^ a b c Jim Fraenkel and Rodrigo Perez (2008-01-22). "Heath Ledger's Video for Nick Drake Song: Eerie Postscript to Actor's Death" (Web), MTV, MTV.com. Retrieved on 18 March 2008. "The video [for 'Black Eyed Dog'], which has not been released commercially and has apparently not yet leaked to the Web, has been screened just twice, once last Labor Day weekend [2007] at the Bumbershoot festival in Seattle and a second time in October [2007] at 'A Place to Be,' an event honoring Drake held in Los Angeles."
^ Anthony Storr (1990). Churchill's Black Dog and Other Phenomena of the Human Mind. HarperCollins Publishers Ltd, 1997. ISBN 9780006375661.
^ "Egyptian Theatre Programming" (PDF). American Cinematheque Film Calendar. americacinematheque.com (2007-10-05). Retrieved on 2008-03-18. "This very special evening celebrating [Drake's] life and music includes films, guests and a unique art and photographic exhibit. It includes the World Theatrical Premiere of 'Their Place: Reflections On Nick Drake', 2007, Bryter Music, 30 min. Various Directors - a series of short filmed homages to Nick Drake - created by admirers including Heath Ledger, Jonas Mekas and Tim Pope. (NOT ON DVD!) ..."
^ Daniel Kreps (2008-02-29). "Footage from Heath Ledger's Nick Drake Video Surfaces" (Web). Rolling Stone (rollingstone.com (Rock & Roll Daily)). http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2008/02/29/footage-from-heath-ledgers-nick-drake-video-surfaces/. Retrieved on 18 March 2008. "The video, for Drake’s posthumously released song 'Black Eyed Dog,' was filmed by the actor in late 2007 and included in a multimedia installment about Drake called 'A Place to Be.' The project was only screened publicly twice before the actor's death, and the Ledger family said the 'Black Eyed Dog' video would not be released.".
^ "A Place To Be: Reflections Of Nick Drake". A Place To Be. Retrieved on 2008-03-18. "A Place To Be: a collection, a celebration, in film, photography, painting, drawing and prose, of the impact the music of Nick Drake has had on other artists" ("Introductory film" includes excerpts of the music video, Black Eyed Dog, by Heath Ledger, among others.)
^ Drake's song "Black Eyed Dog" is featured as track number five on the soundtrack album for the 1974 film Practical Magic, directed by Griffin Dunne and starring Sandra Bullock and Nicole Kidman.
^ Rob Sharp and Allan Shiach (2008-03-18). "Heath Ledger–A Prophetic Tragedy" (Web), The Independent, independent.co.uk (Arts: Entertainment: Film and TV: Features). Retrieved on 20 March 2008. "Until last month [January 2008] he [Allan Schiach, aka Allan Scott,] was working with the late Heath Ledger on a film adaptation of Walter Tevis's 1983 novel The Queen's Gambit, about a chess prodigy's chequered history. The Australian actor was pencilled in to direct and star alongside the Oscar-nominated actress Ellen Page."
^ a b WENN (World Entertainment News Network) (2006-01-12). "Ledger Slams Spitting Claims" (Web), SFGate.com. Retrieved on 23 January 2008.
^ a b c Claire Sutherland and Mark Moor (2006-01-11). "Heath Ledger Angry At Ban" (Web), Herald Sun, news.com.au, p. 3. Retrieved on 23 January 2008.
^ AAP (2006-01-14). "Sprayed Heath Flies Out" (Web), The Sydney Morning Herald, smh.com.au. Retrieved on 5 February 2008.
^ Emily Dunn and Richard Jinman (2008-01-24). "How a Triumphant Return Turned Sour" (Web), The Sydney Morning Herald, smh.com.au, p. 1. Retrieved on 5 February 2008.
^ Elizabeth Snead (2006-01-30). "Ledger's Strange SAG Behavior" (Web). The Los Angeles Times Blogss. latimes.com. Retrieved on 2008-01-23.
^ Elizabeth Snead (2006-02-03). "Heath Explains His SAG Giggles" (Web). The Los Angeles Times Blogs. latimes.com. Retrieved on 2008-01-23.
^ "Ledger in Damage Control" (Web), The Age, theage.com (2006-02-12). Retrieved on 17 August 2007.
^ Joe Morris (2006-01-16). "'Brokeback' Actor Has W. Va. All Wrong" (Web), The Charleston Gazette, wvgazette.com, via joemorris.info. Retrieved on 24 February 2008.
^ a b Natasha Stoynoff (2008-01-28). "Show Will Go On for Heath's Last Movie, Says CoStar", People, people.com. Retrieved on 5 February 2008.
^ UPI (2008-03-16). "Williams Recalls Ledger As Vulnerable" (Web), NewsTrack/Entertainment, upi.com. Retrieved on 16 March 2008.
^ a b c Andy Newman and Al Baker (2008-01-24). "Autopsy on Actor Is Inconclusive As Calls for Help Are Revealed" (Web), The New York Times, nytimes.com. Retrieved on 18 March 2008.
^ "News: Housekeeper, Masseuse Found Ledger's Body" (Web), WNBC, wnbc.com (NBC Universal) (2008-01-24). Retrieved on 7 August 2008. (As updated 25 January 2008.)
^ "Heath Ledger Loved Life, Family Tell", The Daily Telegraph, news.com.au (2008-01-23). Retrieved on 23 January 2008.
^ Office of the Prime Minister of Australia (2008-01-22). "Media Release", pm.gov.au. Retrieved on 5 February 2008.
^ Lisa Pendrill (2008-01-25). "Heath's Family Writes of Heartache", The Sunday Times (PerthNow), news.com.au. Retrieved on 2 February 2008.
^ Warner Bros. (2008-01-25). "Heath Memorial", thedarkknight.warnerbros.com. Retrieved on 5 February 2008.
^ "Online Community Pays Tribute to Heath Ledger", 901am.com (2008-01-25). Retrieved on 6 February 2008.
^ Amy Diluna and Joe Neumaier (2008-01-27). "Daniel Day-Lewis Honors Heath Ledger during Screen Actors Guild Awards", New York Daily News, nydailynews.com. Retrieved on 16 February 2008.
^ Beth Harris (AP Writer) (2008-02-28). "Day-Lewis Dedicates Award to Ledger: Daniel Day-Lewis Dedicates His Screen Actors Guild Award to Heath Ledger", ABC News, abcnews.go.com (Entertainment). Retrieved on 16 March 2008. "That scene in the trailer at the end of the film is as moving as anything I think I've ever seen."
^ "Michelle Wiliams: Heath Ledger Has Broken My Heart" (Web), The Daily Telegraph, news.com.au (2008-02-01). Retrieved on 1 February 2008.
^ "Michelle Williams Breaks Silence on Heath's Death" (Web), People Magazine, people.com (Time Inc.) (2008-02-01). Retrieved on 2 February 2008.
^ a b AAP (2008-02-06). "Heath Ledger's Family Returns to Perth", The Sunday Times (PerthNow), news.com.au. Retrieved on 6 February 2008.
^ Stephen M. Silverman (2008-02-04). "Heath Ledger's Family Heads Home", People Magazine, People.com. Retrieved on 4 February 2008.
^ a b Brenda Rodriguez (2008-02-05). "A Sorrowful Return to Australia for Heath Ledger's Family", People Magazine, People.com. Retrieved on 5 February 2008.
^ AAP (2008-02-09). "Heath Ledger Farewelled at Perth Funeral", news.com.au. Retrieved on 9 February 2008.
^ Associated Press (2008-02-06). "Reports: Michelle Williams Arrives in Perth for Heath Ledger's Funeral", International Herald Tribune. Retrieved on 7 February 2008.
^ a b Michelle Cazzalino (in Perth) and Ellen Connolly (2008-02-10). "Last, Sad Farewell for Heath", The Sunday Telegraph, LexisNexis.com, p. 5 (Local; State Ed. and Country Main Ed.). Retrieved on 12 February 2008.
^ "Summary Of Record Information: Heath Andrew Ledger" (Web). Karrakatta Cemetery. mcb.wa.gov.au (Metropolitan Cemeteries Board, Western Australia). Retrieved on 2008-08-07.
^ Michelle Cazzulino and Stephen Corby (2008-02-10). "Entertainment: Top Stories: Star Swim at Heath Ledger's Farewell: Ledger Wake Held in Perth", www.news.com. Retrieved on 9 February 2008.
^ Wendy Caccetta and Nicole Cox (2008-02-10). "Beach Tribute to Heath Ledger", The Courier Mail, www.news.com.au. Retrieved on 9 February 2008.
^ Michelle Cazzulino and Stephen Corby (2008-02-10). "Michelle Williams Swims at Heath Ledger's Wake", The Daily Telegraph, news.com.au. Retrieved on 10 February 2008.
^ Jane Hammond and Phillipa Prior (2008-02-09). "Celebrities, Friends and Family Remember a Local Star", The West Australian. Retrieved on 9 February 2008.
^ Paul Lieberman (2008-02-06). "Heath Ledger's Death Ruled Accidental Overdose", The Los Angeles Times, LATimes.com. Retrieved on 6 February 2008.
^ a b Larry King (2008-02-06). "Video: Larry King Live: Ledger Death" (Web Video clip), Larry King Live, CNN. Retrieved on 5 February 2008. "CNN's Larry King talks to guests about the finding that actor Heath Ledger died from an accidental drug overdose."
^ Chris Harris (2008-01-24). "Heath Ledger's Last Hours: New Details Emerge" (Web), MTV Movie News, mtv.com (MTV Networks). Retrieved on 8 August 2008.
^ Peter Mitchell (2008-02-07). "Heath Ledger Death Results Delayed" (Web), The Daily Telegraph, news.com.au. Retrieved on 5 February 2008.
^ "Home deaths from Drug Errors Soar", CNN, cnn.com (Associated Press) (2008-07-28). Retrieved on 4 August 2008. "Deaths from medication mistakes at home, such as actor Heath Ledger's accidental overdose, rose dramatically during the past two decades, an analysis of U.S. death certificates finds. ... The findings, based on nearly 50 million U.S. death certificates, are published in Monday [4 August 2008]'s Archives of Internal Medicine. Of those, more than 224,000 involved fatal medication errors, including overdoses and mixing prescription drugs with alcohol or street drugs. ... Deaths from medication mistakes at home increased from 1,132 deaths in 1983 to 12,426 in 2004. Adjusted for population growth, that amounts to an increase of more than 700 percent during that time."
^ WENN (World Entertainment News Network) (2008-02-29). "Heath Ledger Doctors Cleared", Hollywood.com, Hollywood Media Corp.. Retrieved on 5 March 2008.
^ Nicole Weisensee Egan (2008-02-28). "Report: Doctors Cleared in Ledger Investigation", People, people.com. Retrieved on 5 March 2008.
^ Murray Weiss (2008-08-04). "Olsen to Heath Feds: Let's Deal: Demands Immunity from Probers" (Web), New York Post, nypost.com (News Corporation). Retrieved on 4 August 2008.
^ "Official: Mark-Kate Olsen silent on Ledger OD" (Web). Associated Press. MSNBC (2008-08-04). Retrieved on 2008-10-27.
^ Staff and Agencies (2008-08-05). "Mary-Kate Olsen Denies Supplying Heath Ledger with Drugs" (Web), The Guardian, guardian.co.uk (Guardian Media Group). Retrieved on 5 August 2008.
^ "Olsen Seeks Immunity over Ledger" (Web), BBC News, BBC (2008-08-05). Retrieved on 5 August 2008.
^ "Lawyer: Mary-Kate Olsen Had 'Nothing to Do' with Heath Ledger's Drugs" (Web), People, people.com (Time Inc.) (2008-08-04). Retrieved on 5 August 2008.
^ Nicole Weisensee Egan (2008-08-06). "Source: Feds Officially Close Heath Ledger Investigation" (Web), People, people.com (Time Inc.). Retrieved on 6 August 2008.
^ a b Shawn Adler (2008-08-06). "Heath Ledger Investigation Reportedly Closed; Mary-Kate Olsen Won't Have to Testify: U.S. Attorney's Office Filed No Charges Before Closing Probe into Actor's Overdose Death" (Web), MTV.com, MTV. Retrieved on 6 August 2008.
^ Fox News and the Associated Press (2008-08-06). "Investigation into Heath Ledger's Death Closed" (Web), Fox News, foxnews.com (News Corporation). Retrieved on 6 August 2008.
^ Heath Ledger (2008-03-27). "Last Will & Testament" (Web). TMZ.com (Documents). aolcdn.com (reposted on 12 April 2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
^ TMZ staff (2008-03-27). "Celebrity Justice: Heath's Will -- No Joke", TMZ.com (blog), tmz.com. Retrieved on 23 April 2008.
^ a b "Ledger's Uncles: Michelle Williams May Have to Fight for Matilda’s Inheritance" (Web), Fox News, foxnews.com (2008-03-10). Retrieved on 23 April 2008. "Kim Ledger moved quickly to deny his granddaughter and Michelle Williams would be left without an inheritance and said Matilda was his family's absolute priority. 'Matilda is our absolute priority and Michelle is an integral part of our family ... They will be taken care of and that's how Heath would want it to be,' Kim Ledger says in the statement. ... The uncles estimated their nephew's estate would be worth Australian $20 million after his earnings from the latest 'Batman' movie were calculated."
^ Sean Cowan (2008-03-15). "Ledger Feud Grows Over 'second' Will", The Age, theage.com.au. Retrieved on 15 March 2008. "Some of Heath Ledger's relatives may be planning a legal challenge against his will after it emerged the actor may have written a second will after his daughter was born, leaving most of his multimillion-dollar fortune to her. ... Ledger's second will, which is understood to be unsigned, was reportedly drawn up after Matilda's birth. ... The looming battle over which of Ledger's wills should be used to divide his estate ... has caused waves on this side of the Pacific, with his uncles Mike and Haydn Ledger accusing their brother — and Heath's father — Kim of mismanaging their late grandfather's [A]$2 million estate. ... Kim Ledger hit back this week, issuing a statement claiming his estranged brothers did not know what they were talking about. ... Under the terms of the first will, the division of the estate will be managed by Kim Ledger's former business colleague Robert John Collins and Geraldton accountant William Mark Dyson."
^ Peter Mitchell (2008-09-03). "Ledger's Estate Sells His Hollywood Hills Home", news.com.au, News Limited. Retrieved on 2 September 2008. "[According to Los Angeles County public records], Heath Ledger's estate has sold ... [his] Hollywood Hills home ... for [US]$US2.5 million ($A2.99 million) [in May 2008]."
^ Melissa Castellanos (2008-03-24). "Williams' Dad Questions Ledger's Will: Larry Williams Wants Kim Ledger To Explain Why Estate Is Valued At Only $145,000", Showbuzz, cbsnews.com. Retrieved on 30 March 2008.
^ Gemma Jones and Janet Fife-Yeomans (2008-03-31). "Did Heath Ledger Father a Secret Love Child?", The Daily Telegraph, news.com.au. Retrieved on 25 July 2008. "The April will lists only [US]$145,000 in assets and names the late actor's father, Kim, mother Sally Bell, sister Kate Ledger and half sisters Olivia Ledger and Ashleigh Bell as the only beneficiaries. The New York documents also acknowledge Matilda Rose, as Ledger's only known child, as an interested party."
^ Garry Maddox (2009-03-29). "Good Will Hunting", The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved on 30 March 2008. "Beyond the tangled web of Heath Ledger's estate, two final films and his celebrated Brokeback performance ensure the money will keep flowing."
^ Nick Squires (2008-04-01). "Heath Ledger 'fathered a secret love child' " (Web), The Daily Telegraph (UK), Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved on 6 August 2008. "If the claims are proved to be true, Ledger's multi-million pound estate would have to be divided between the child he fathered in his teens and his two-year-old daughter, Matilda Rose, whose mother is Hollywood actress Michelle Williams. ... The actor's parents, Kim and Sally Ledger, have declined to comment on the reports [based on comments by other family members, including his uncle Haydn Ledger]."
^ "Denied: No Love Child for Heath Ledger" (Web), OK!, okmagazine.com (OK! Magazine, Northern & Shell North America Ltd.) (2008-04-03). Retrieved on 6 August 2008.
^ "Heath Ledger's Uncle: Love Child Reports Are 'absolutely beserk' " (Web), Us Weekly, usmagazine.com (Wenner Media LLC) (2008-04-03). Retrieved on 6 August 2008.
^ a b Janet Fife-Yeomans (2008-07-15). "Entertainment: Heath Ledger's Daughter Matilda's Estate Claim Decision" (Web), news.com.au, News Limited. Retrieved on 10 August 2008. "[Matilda Rose's] mother, actor Michelle Williams, will have to officially lodge a claim with the court supported by an affadavit which could end up in the public domain, legal experts said."
^ a b Joyce Eng (2008-09-29). "Heath Ledger's Daughter to Inherit Estate" (Web), tvguide.com (Community Blog entry), OpenGate Capital. Retrieved on 11 December 2008.
^ a b Associated Press (2008-09-29). "Ledger's Daughter to Inherit Late Actor's Estate" (Web), AOL Australia Celebrity Channel, AOL Australia. Retrieved on 11 December 2008.
^ Michelle Nichols (2008-10-29). "Elvis Ranked Top-earning Dead Celebrity" (Web). Reuters.com. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved on 2008-12-10. "Forbes.com said it spoke to experts and sources inside the dead celebrities' estates and researched gross earnings, before taxes, management fees and other costs, from the period of October 2007 to October 2008 to come up with the rankings." Based on its estimates, Nichols reports, Forbes.com ranks Ledger as third among the world's highest-earning deceased celebrities for that year, following Elvis Presley (1) and Charles M. Schulz (2).
^ a b Larry Carroll (2008-03-18). "'Dark Knight' Stars, Director Want Film To 'Celebrate' Heath Ledger's Work" (Web), MTV (Movies), mtv.com. Retrieved on 27 April 2008.
^ WENN (World Entertainment News Network) (2008-01-28). "Gilliam Trying to Save Last Ledger Film", Hollywood.com, Hollywood Media Corp.. Retrieved on 2 February 2008.
^ Matt Brady (2008-01-23). "Heath Ledger Dies" (Web), Newsarama (Forum), forum.newsarama.com. Retrieved on 22 January 2008.
^ "Moriarty" (2008-02-15). "AICN exclusive! We Know Who’s Paying Tribute To Heath Ledger In Dr. Parnassus Now!" (Web), aintitcool.com, Ain't It Cool News (Harry Knowles). Retrieved on 17 February 2008.
^ Shawn Adler (2008-02-15). "Heath Ledger's Final Film To Go Forward - With Johnny Depp, Jude Law, Colin Farrell in His Role", MTV. Retrieved on 15 February 2008. "Report: The three actors have signed on to complete film. ... Heath Ledger died last month at the age of 28, but his final performance will live on - thanks to a little creativity and some famous friends. ... Johnny Depp, Jude Law and Colin Farrell have all signed on to film scenes as Ledger's character in Terry Gilliam's 'The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus,' a magical re-telling of the Faust story, according to Aintitcoolnews.com. The announcement serves as a memorial tribute to the man many have called one of the best actors of his generation."
^ "Arts Briefly: Three Actors Replace Heath Ledger" (Web), The New York Times, The New York Times Company (2008-02-19). Retrieved on 19 February 2008. "Jude Law, Colin Farrell, and Johnny Depp ... will replace Heath Ledger ... in the film he was starring in when he died last month, Ain't It Cool News reported. ... Mr. Ledger was playing a character who is transported into three separate dimensions. These will now be inhabited, instead, by Mr. Depp, Mr. Law and Mr. Farrell."
^ "Trio Give Fees to Ledger's Child" (Web), BBC News, bbc.co.uk (BBC) (2008-08-19). Retrieved on 20 August 2008. "The trio of actors who replaced Heath Ledger in his final film have donated their fees for the movie to the late star's young daughter. ... Gilliam said: 'They didn't take money – it goes to Heath's daughter. ... The great thing about it was that when Heath died those three actors came along and saved the day. It's now four actors creating one character.' "
^ Scott Brown. "Dark Knight Director Shuns Digital Effects for the Real Thing" (Web). Wired (wired.com (Condé Nast Publications)) (24 June 2008). http://www.wired.com/entertainment/hollywood/magazine/16-07/ff_darknight?currentPage=all. Retrieved on 24 June 2008.
^ "Dark Knight Dedicated to Ledger" (Web), BBC News Online, bbc.co.uk (2008-06-27). Retrieved on 27 June 2008. "The special tribute reads: 'In memory of our friends Heath Ledger and Conway Wickliffe'."
^ Brandon Gray (2008-07-23). "News: 'Dark Knight' Begins Smashingly" (Web). Box Office Mojo. boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved on 2008-08-02. "'I give credit to [Dark Knight writer-director] [sic] Christopher Nolan,' said Dan Fellman, Warner Bros.' president of distribution. 'With Batman Begins, he picked up on the last Batman [Batman and Robin] [sic], which was down to $107 million, and started a new franchise. We did $205 million, almost double. With strong DVD sales and terrific showings on television, we built a bigger audience base.' Fellman also credited The Dark Knight's trailer, the Joker villain, Heath Ledger's performance and positive early reviews among other factors. 'All of this led to the groundswell,' Fellman added."
^ David Denby. "The Current Cinema: Past Shock: 'The Dark Knight' and 'WALL-E' " (Web). The New Yorker (newyorker.com (Condé Nast Publications)) (21 July 2008): 92–93. http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/cinema/2008/07/21/080721crci_cinema_denby. Retrieved on 17 July 2008. "When Ledger wields a knife, he is thoroughly terrifying (do not, despite the PG-13 rating, bring the children), and, as you're watching him, you can't help wondering—in a response that admittedly lies outside film criticism—how badly he messed himself up in order to play the role this way.". (Postdated)
^ "Christian Bale: Blaming Heath Ledger's Death on Joker Role Is 'Rude' " (Web). US Weekly (usmagazine.com (Wenner Media LLC)) (14 July 2008). http://www.usmagazine.com/christian-bale-blaming-heath-ledgers-death-on-joker-role-is-rude. Retrieved on 3 August 2008. "Christian Bale, who plays Batman in The Dark Knight, says it is inaccurate to blame co-star Heath Ledger's death on his role as the Joker. ... 'Personally, I find it to be a complete lack of understanding of acting,' the actor, 34, told Matt Lauer on Today Monday [14 July 2008] (Watch above ). ...'I also found it very rude to try to create some kind of a sound bite for such a tragedy,' Bale said. 'The man was a complex man, he [was] a good man. I saw him as having nothing but the best time playing the Joker.' ". [Includes video clip and related hyperlinks.]
^ Jessica Herndon. "Britney Spears, Heath Ledger Get People's Choice Nods" (Web), People, Time Inc. (Time Warner)date=2008-11-10. Retrieved on 11 December 2008.
^ Nina Hämmerling Smith (2008-07-28). "Movie News: Ledger's Knight Costars Call for Posthumous Oscar" (Web). tvguide.com (Community: TV Guide Editors' Blog entry). OpenGate Capital. Retrieved on 2008-12-11.
^ Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (2008-08-04). "Key Dates Announced for 81st Academy Awards®". Press release. Retrieved on 11 December 2008.
^ Christopher Campbell (2007-10-09). "Details about Terry Gilliam's 'The Imaginarium of Dr. Parnassus'" (Web). Cinematical.com. Moviefone (AOL). Retrieved on 2008-08-02. "[via Rotten Tomatoes]."
^ Heather Adler (2007-04-10). "(Not So) Modest Mouse Speaks" (Web). dose.ca. Canwest Interactive. Retrieved on 2008-12-12. "Hunky Hollywood actor Heath Ledger has even signed up to create a video for an unreleased track with legendary animator Terry Gilliam of Monty Python fame. ... 'We kind of befriended Heath Ledger awhile back through our tour manager and he'd been wanting to do a video,' [lead singer and guitarist Isaac] Brock explains. 'Just recently, a couple of days ago, he [Ledger] said Terry Gilliam wants to animate it. ... It's for a song that's not even on the record. It's called "King Rat." ' ... The song will also be available on a forthcoming Modest Mouse EP that will feature tracks that didn't make it onto We Were Dead Before the Ship Even Sank. Brock says he isn't sure when the second disc will be ready due to time constraints...."
^ a b AP (2008-01-23). "Timeline of Heath Ledger's Career" (Web), gmanews.tv, GMA Network. Retrieved on 27 April 2008.
^ a b "Filmography - Heath Ledger" (Web). Hello!. Hello! Ltd. Retrieved on 2008-08-18.
^ a b c d e "Todd Haynes Dedicates Robert Altman Award to Heath Ledger" (Web video clip). You Tube. Google (2008-02-23). Retrieved on 2008-08-08.
^ a b c Adam Dawtrey (2008-01-23). "'Parnassus' Team Faces Dilemma", Variety, Variety.com (Reed Elsevier). Retrieved on 23 January 2008.
^ a b c d e f James Barron (2008-01-23). "Heath Ledger, Actor, Is Found Dead at 28" (Web), The New York Times, nytimes.com (The New York Times Company). Retrieved on 27 April 2008.
^ a b c d "Heath Ledger: The Times Obituary" (Web), The Times, timesonline.co.uk (News International) (2008-01-23). Retrieved on 27 April 2008.
^ "Heath Ledger Honored at Independent Spirit Awards" (Web), ET Online, etonline.com (CBS Studios Inc.) (2008-02-23). Retrieved on 8 August 2008.
^ "Ledger Honoured at AFI Awards". ABC Online. abc.net.au (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). Retrieved on 2008-12-06.
^ Stephen M. Silverman (2008-12-08). "Movie News: Teary Family Gathers as Heath Ledger Wins Acting Prize" (Web). People. Time Inc. (Time Warner). Retrieved on 2008-12-11.
^ a b "Golden Globes: Heath Ledger's Family 'So Proud' of Globe Nod" ([World Wide Web), People, Time Inc. (Time Warner) (2008-12-11). Retrieved on 11 December 2008.
^ a b Joe Neumaier (2008-12-11). "Golden Globe Nominations Upset Oscar Hopes; Heath Ledger Wins Nod, 'Milk' Left Out" (Web), New York Daily News, nydailynews.com. Retrieved on 11 December 2008.
^ a b Rick Marshall (2008-12-11). "Golden Globes Deny 'The Dark Knight,' Heath Ledger Nominated" (Web), MTV Splashpage, splashpage.mtv.com. Retrieved on 11 December 2008.
^ a b c d e Sewell Chan and James Barron (contributing) (2008-02-06). "City Room: Heath Ledger's Death Is Ruled an Accident" (Web), The New York Times, cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com (The New York Times Company). Retrieved on 17 August 2008.
^ a b c CNN (2008-02-06). "Ledger's Death Caused by Accidental Overdose" (Web), CNN: SHOWBIZ/Movies, cnn.com (Time Warner). Retrieved on 17 August 2008.
^ a b c d Associated Press (2008-02-06). "Heath Ledger Died of Accidental Overdose: 28-Year-Old Actor Had Oxycodone, Anti-Anxiety, Sleep Aids in His System" (Web), MSNBC (Entertainment), msnbc.msn.com. Retrieved on 17 March 2008.
^ a b c d e David M. Halbfinger (2008-03-09). "Batman's Burden: A Director Confronts Darkness and Death" (Web and print), The New York Times (Arts & Leisure: Film), nytimes.com, pp. 1, 16. Retrieved on 10 March 2008.
^ "The Dark Knight Movie Reviews" (Web). Rotten Tomatoes. rottentomatoes.com, (IGN Entertainment, News Corporation). Retrieved on 2008-08-09.
^ "The Dark Knight (2008): Reviews" (Web). Metacritic. metacritic.com (CNET Networks, CBS Corporation). Retrieved on 2008-08-09.
^ a b CNN (2008-01-24). "Ledger's Death Puts Last Films in a Bind" (Web), CNN: SHOWBIZ/Movies, cnn.com (Time Warner). Retrieved on 30 January 2008.
^ a b c Christine Kilpatrick (2008-01-24). "Production Suspended on Heath Ledger's Latest Movie" (Web), People, People.com (Time Inc.). Retrieved on 24 January 2008.
^ a b c David M. Halbfinger (2008-01-25). "Actor’s Death May Mean Film's End", The New York Times, p. 12 (Movies, Performing Arts/Weekend Desk). Retrieved on 2 February 2008.
^ a b "Gilliam, Ledger Reteam for Film" (Web), Variety, Variety.com (2007-10-31). Retrieved on 27 April 2008.
^ a b c Daily Mail Reporter (2008-10-24). "First Photos of Tragic Heath Ledger in His Last Film" (Web). Mail Online. Daily Mail and General Trust. Retrieved on 2008-12-12.
^ a b c d e f g Dominic Wills. "Heath Ledger Biography", tiscali.film & tv, tiscali.co.uk. Retrieved on 22 April 2008. "The Ledger name was well-known in Perth, the family having run a foundry that provided much of the raw material for the famous Perth to Kalgoorlie Pipeline, which ran 557 kilometres east out into the desert and, beginning to pump [water] back in 1903, first supplied the Western Australian goldfields and now served over 100,000 people and 6 million sheep in 44,000 square miles. The Sir Frank Ledger Charitable Trust, named after Heath's great-grandfather, was renowned for granting funds to the area's universities, paying for visiting lecturers and scholarships for gifted students."
^ "Heath Ledger Biography (1979-)" (Web). Filmreference.com (2007). Retrieved on 2008-08-03.
^ "Banks, Frederick & Annie" (Web). Western Australian Museum Official Website. museum.wa.gov.au. Retrieved on 2008-02-07. "The Ledger Foundry made most of the pipes, etc. for the Kalgoorlie Pipe Line. Fred worked as a partner in the Foundry & also made tools for the prospectors on the Goldfields."
^ a b "Heath Ledger among WA's Finest Sons, Says Eric Ripper", The Sunday Times (PerthNow), news.com.au (2008-01-23). Retrieved on 8 February 2008. "Heath was one of the best actors the nation had produced and his death at age 28 had shocked the community, he said. ... 'I understand he was a former student at both Mary’s Mount Primary School in Gooseberry Hill and later at Guildford Grammar,' Mr Ripper said. ... 'Apparently he left school at 16 to pursue his passion for acting. There is no doubt his wonderful work in that field in such a comparatively short time will endure.' ... Mr Ripper said Western Australians everywhere would be proud of Ledger’s work and his legacy."
^ Michael Bodey (2008-01-24). "Rocked by the System" (Web), The Australian, theaustralian.news.com.au, p. 13 (Features). Retrieved on 8 February 2008. "1985: Attends Mary's Mount Primary School in the Perth Hills and Guildford Grammar, excelling in drama and sport."
^ a b David Lipsky (2006-03-23). "Heath Ledger's Lonesome Trail", Rolling Stone, rollingstone.com. Retrieved on 21 April 2008. "His dad wanted him to race cars. Hollywood wanted him to play Spider-Man. But he wanted to play a gay cowboy. Now he's a huge star, and he's not happy about it."
^ Kevin Sessums. "We're Having a Heath Wave" (Web). Vanity Fair (vanityfair.com (Condé Nast Publications)) (August 2000): 4. http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2000/08/heath200008?currentPage=4. Retrieved on 21 April 2008. "[Dispensing with 'romantic' notions promulgated by some biographies (including Wills's in tiscali.film & tv) that he and his sister are named after characters Catherine and Heathcliff in Emily Brontë's novel Wuthering Heights], he's asked if Heath is a shortened version of Heathcliff. 'No, just Heath. But I do have an older sister named Kathy,' he says. 'Well, Kate.' ".
^ Kevin Sessums. "We're Having a Heath Wave" (Web). Vanity Fair (vanityfair.com (Condé Nast Publications)) (August 2000): 3. http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2000/08/heath200008?currentPage=3. Retrieved on 23 April 2008.
^ a b c Melissa Kent (2008-02-09). "Tears, Tributes Accompany Heath Ledger to His Final Rest", The Age, theage.com.au. Retrieved on 21 April 2008.
^ "Heath Ledger Biography", Yahoo! Movies (2008-02-06). Retrieved on 14 February 2008.
^ "Obituary of Heath Ledger Actor who thought deeply about his craft and won widespread praise for Brokeback Mountain", The Daily Telegraph (2008-01-24), p. 25. Retrieved on 7 February 2008. "At the same time he showed promise in other areas, as a junior go-kart racing champion and, aged only 10, as Western Australia's junior chess champion."
^ Brian Pendreigh (2008-01-24). " 'My friend Heath would never commit suicide'", Scotland on Sunday, news.scotsman.com. Retrieved on 14 February 2008.
^ Christina Tapper and Natasha Stoyoff (2008-01-26). "Heath Ledger's Passion for Chess", People, people.com. Retrieved on 3 February 2008. "No stranger to the New York Washington Square Park chess world, Heath Ledger found joy by screaming the occasional 'checkmate!'"
^ Josh Horowitz (2007-11-12). "Heath Ledger Discusses Delving Into Dylan for 'I'm Not There': Channeling Sid Vicious for 'Dark Knight'", MTV Movies, mtv.com. Retrieved on 3 February 2008.
^ a b Michelle Cazzulino (2008-03-29). "Heath Ledger's Gambit to Be a Director" (Web), The Daily Telegraph, news.com.au. Retrieved on 24 April 2008. "It was an opportunity tailor-made for Ledger, Scott said. 'The movie is about chess, and what is a little known fact is Heath was very close to being on the grandmaster level. He was a chess whiz, and he intended to get his grandmaster rating before he started shooting the picture.' "
^ WENN (World Entertainment News Network) (2001-06-10). "Heather Graham and Heath Ledger Split", cinema.com. Retrieved on 24 July 2008.
^ Gary Susman (2003-10-01). "Naomi Watts and Heath Ledger Split", Entertainment Weekly, ew.com. Retrieved on 23 January 2008.
^ John McShane (2008-04-20). "Loves of Heath Ledger's Life", The Courier-Mail. Retrieved on 24 April 2008. "In the first book since Heath Ledger's death, Fleet Street's John McShane looks at the actor's legacy. In this extract, he examines Ledger's relationships."
^ Kiki King, Eva Simpson, and Caroline Hedley (2006-03-03). "The Heath Is On" (Web archive), Daily Mirror (London) (3AM), mirror.co.uk, p. 16. Retrieved on 7 February 2008.
^ "Godfather Jake Gillenhaal's Silent Agony" (Web), The Daily Telegraph, news.com.au (2008-01-25). Retrieved on 5 February 2008.
^ "First Picture: Michelle Williams and Matilda Arrive in Brooklyn" (Web), Us Weekly, Usmagazine.com (2008-01-23). Retrieved on 5 February 2008.
^ Sarah Grant (2006-06-08). "Soaking Left My Lad Heath in Tears", The Daily Telegraph, p. 9. Retrieved on 8 February 2008.
^ "Ledger Hopes for $3m Profit on Beach House" (Web), The Age, theage.com.au (2006-02-11). Retrieved on 17 August 2007.
^ Angela Saurine (2006-04-15). "Why the Rich Are Kings of the Castle", The Daily Telegraph, realestate.com.au, p. 19. Retrieved on 17 August 2007.
^ Alex Williams (2007-09-30). "Brooklyn's Fragile Eco-System", The New York Times, nytimes.com, p. 1. Retrieved on 5 February 2008.
^ WENN (World Entertainment News Network) (2007-09-04). "Williams' Father Confirms Ledger Split", Hollywood.com. Retrieved on 23 January 2008.
^ "Supermodel's Last Call to Heath", news.com.au, The Daily Telegraph (2008-01-24). Retrieved on 26 January 2008.
^ Robert Stansfield (2008-01-24). "Helena Christensen Was On Way to See Heath Ledger", Scottish Daily Record, dailyrecord.co.uk, p. 6. Retrieved on 26 January 2008.
^ Holly Byrnes, Sarah Grant, and Angela Saurine (2008-01-03). "Are Gemma Ward and Heath Ledger Dating?" (Web), The Daily Telegraph, news.com.au, p. 31. Retrieved on 6 February 2008.
^ Janet Fife-Yeomans (2008-01-25). "Sorrow of Heath Ledger's Secret Love" (Web), The Daily Telegraph, p. 4. Retrieved on 6 February 2008.
^ "Showest Awards: Past Award Winners" (Web). showest.com. ShoWest (Nielsen Business Media Film Group). Retrieved on 2008-08-18.
^ "'Brokeback Mountain' leads Golden Globe nominations". CNN (2005-12-13). Retrieved on 2008-07-17.
^ "The San Francisco Film Critics Circle" (Web). San Francisco Film. splicedwire.com (2005-12-12). Retrieved on 2008-07-17.
^ Jen Chaney (2005-12-15). "'Mountain' Man Ledger's Steady Climb to the Top" (Web). Washington Post. washingtonpost.com. Retrieved on 2008-07-17.
^ "HFPA - Awards Search" (Web). Golden Globes Official Website. goldenglobes.org. Retrieved on 2008-07-17.
^ "Results Page - Academy Awards Database". Awards Database. Retrieved on 2008-07-17.
^ Stephen Holden (2005-12-09). "Film Review - Brokeback Mountain - Riding the High Country, Finding and Losing Love" (Web), nytimes.com, p. 1. Retrieved on 17 August 2007.
^ Peter Travers (2005-12-01). "Review: Brokeback Mountain", Rolling Stone, rollingstone.com. Retrieved on 27 April 2008.
^ Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (2006-07-05). "Press Releases: Academy Invites 120 to Membership" (Web), oscars.org. Retrieved on 18 August 2008.
^ Honie Stevens (2007-11-18). "Squaring the Ledger" (Web), The Daily Telegraph, news.com.au. Retrieved on 24 July 2008.
^ a b c d Sarah Lyall (2007-11-04). "Movies: In Stetson or Wig, He's Hard to Pin Down" (Web), The New York Times, Movies, nytimes.com. Retrieved on 18 August 2008.
^ Dan Jolin (January 2008). "Fear Has a Face". Empire (Bauer Verlagsgruppe) 223: 87–88. http://www.empireonline.com/magazine/covers/image.asp?id=24227&gallery=1365&caption=%23223%20%28January%202008%29. Retrieved on 8 July 2008.
^ Dan Jolin (July 2008). "The Dark Knight". Empire (Bauer Verlagsgruppe) 229: 92–100. http://www.empireonline.com/magazine/covers/image.asp?id=27819&gallery=1365&caption=%23229+%28July+2008%29. Retrieved on 18 August 2008.
^ Olly Richards (2007-11-28). "World Exclusive: The Joker Speaks: He's a Cold-blooded Mass-murdering Clown" (Web), Empire, Bauer Verlagsgruppe. Retrieved on 18 August 2008.
^ "Music: Cause An Effect – N'Fa" (Web). The Scene. thescene.com.au. Retrieved on 2008-03-05.
^ "Seduction Is Evil" (Web). Inertia Catalogue. inertia.net (2006-10-28). Retrieved on 2008-03-05.
^ Andrew Drever (2006-08-21). "N'Fa: Frontman for 1200 Techniques May Be Doing Solo Work, But Everything's Cool" (Web), The Age, theage.com.au, p. 2. Retrieved on 5 March 2008.
^ "Heath Ledger Teams Up with Ben Harper to Launch New Record Label" (Web). Starpulse Entertainment News Blog. starpulse.com (2007-02-14). Retrieved on 2008-03-05.
^ a b c Jim Fraenkel and Rodrigo Perez (2008-01-22). "Heath Ledger's Video for Nick Drake Song: Eerie Postscript to Actor's Death" (Web), MTV, MTV.com. Retrieved on 18 March 2008. "The video [for 'Black Eyed Dog'], which has not been released commercially and has apparently not yet leaked to the Web, has been screened just twice, once last Labor Day weekend [2007] at the Bumbershoot festival in Seattle and a second time in October [2007] at 'A Place to Be,' an event honoring Drake held in Los Angeles."
^ Anthony Storr (1990). Churchill's Black Dog and Other Phenomena of the Human Mind. HarperCollins Publishers Ltd, 1997. ISBN 9780006375661.
^ "Egyptian Theatre Programming" (PDF). American Cinematheque Film Calendar. americacinematheque.com (2007-10-05). Retrieved on 2008-03-18. "This very special evening celebrating [Drake's] life and music includes films, guests and a unique art and photographic exhibit. It includes the World Theatrical Premiere of 'Their Place: Reflections On Nick Drake', 2007, Bryter Music, 30 min. Various Directors - a series of short filmed homages to Nick Drake - created by admirers including Heath Ledger, Jonas Mekas and Tim Pope. (NOT ON DVD!) ..."
^ Daniel Kreps (2008-02-29). "Footage from Heath Ledger's Nick Drake Video Surfaces" (Web). Rolling Stone (rollingstone.com (Rock & Roll Daily)). http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2008/02/29/footage-from-heath-ledgers-nick-drake-video-surfaces/. Retrieved on 18 March 2008. "The video, for Drake’s posthumously released song 'Black Eyed Dog,' was filmed by the actor in late 2007 and included in a multimedia installment about Drake called 'A Place to Be.' The project was only screened publicly twice before the actor's death, and the Ledger family said the 'Black Eyed Dog' video would not be released.".
^ "A Place To Be: Reflections Of Nick Drake". A Place To Be. Retrieved on 2008-03-18. "A Place To Be: a collection, a celebration, in film, photography, painting, drawing and prose, of the impact the music of Nick Drake has had on other artists" ("Introductory film" includes excerpts of the music video, Black Eyed Dog, by Heath Ledger, among others.)
^ Drake's song "Black Eyed Dog" is featured as track number five on the soundtrack album for the 1974 film Practical Magic, directed by Griffin Dunne and starring Sandra Bullock and Nicole Kidman.
^ Rob Sharp and Allan Shiach (2008-03-18). "Heath Ledger–A Prophetic Tragedy" (Web), The Independent, independent.co.uk (Arts: Entertainment: Film and TV: Features). Retrieved on 20 March 2008. "Until last month [January 2008] he [Allan Schiach, aka Allan Scott,] was working with the late Heath Ledger on a film adaptation of Walter Tevis's 1983 novel The Queen's Gambit, about a chess prodigy's chequered history. The Australian actor was pencilled in to direct and star alongside the Oscar-nominated actress Ellen Page."
^ a b WENN (World Entertainment News Network) (2006-01-12). "Ledger Slams Spitting Claims" (Web), SFGate.com. Retrieved on 23 January 2008.
^ a b c Claire Sutherland and Mark Moor (2006-01-11). "Heath Ledger Angry At Ban" (Web), Herald Sun, news.com.au, p. 3. Retrieved on 23 January 2008.
^ AAP (2006-01-14). "Sprayed Heath Flies Out" (Web), The Sydney Morning Herald, smh.com.au. Retrieved on 5 February 2008.
^ Emily Dunn and Richard Jinman (2008-01-24). "How a Triumphant Return Turned Sour" (Web), The Sydney Morning Herald, smh.com.au, p. 1. Retrieved on 5 February 2008.
^ Elizabeth Snead (2006-01-30). "Ledger's Strange SAG Behavior" (Web). The Los Angeles Times Blogss. latimes.com. Retrieved on 2008-01-23.
^ Elizabeth Snead (2006-02-03). "Heath Explains His SAG Giggles" (Web). The Los Angeles Times Blogs. latimes.com. Retrieved on 2008-01-23.
^ "Ledger in Damage Control" (Web), The Age, theage.com (2006-02-12). Retrieved on 17 August 2007.
^ Joe Morris (2006-01-16). "'Brokeback' Actor Has W. Va. All Wrong" (Web), The Charleston Gazette, wvgazette.com, via joemorris.info. Retrieved on 24 February 2008.
^ a b Natasha Stoynoff (2008-01-28). "Show Will Go On for Heath's Last Movie, Says CoStar", People, people.com. Retrieved on 5 February 2008.
^ UPI (2008-03-16). "Williams Recalls Ledger As Vulnerable" (Web), NewsTrack/Entertainment, upi.com. Retrieved on 16 March 2008.
^ a b c Andy Newman and Al Baker (2008-01-24). "Autopsy on Actor Is Inconclusive As Calls for Help Are Revealed" (Web), The New York Times, nytimes.com. Retrieved on 18 March 2008.
^ "News: Housekeeper, Masseuse Found Ledger's Body" (Web), WNBC, wnbc.com (NBC Universal) (2008-01-24). Retrieved on 7 August 2008. (As updated 25 January 2008.)
^ "Heath Ledger Loved Life, Family Tell", The Daily Telegraph, news.com.au (2008-01-23). Retrieved on 23 January 2008.
^ Office of the Prime Minister of Australia (2008-01-22). "Media Release", pm.gov.au. Retrieved on 5 February 2008.
^ Lisa Pendrill (2008-01-25). "Heath's Family Writes of Heartache", The Sunday Times (PerthNow), news.com.au. Retrieved on 2 February 2008.
^ Warner Bros. (2008-01-25). "Heath Memorial", thedarkknight.warnerbros.com. Retrieved on 5 February 2008.
^ "Online Community Pays Tribute to Heath Ledger", 901am.com (2008-01-25). Retrieved on 6 February 2008.
^ Amy Diluna and Joe Neumaier (2008-01-27). "Daniel Day-Lewis Honors Heath Ledger during Screen Actors Guild Awards", New York Daily News, nydailynews.com. Retrieved on 16 February 2008.
^ Beth Harris (AP Writer) (2008-02-28). "Day-Lewis Dedicates Award to Ledger: Daniel Day-Lewis Dedicates His Screen Actors Guild Award to Heath Ledger", ABC News, abcnews.go.com (Entertainment). Retrieved on 16 March 2008. "That scene in the trailer at the end of the film is as moving as anything I think I've ever seen."
^ "Michelle Wiliams: Heath Ledger Has Broken My Heart" (Web), The Daily Telegraph, news.com.au (2008-02-01). Retrieved on 1 February 2008.
^ "Michelle Williams Breaks Silence on Heath's Death" (Web), People Magazine, people.com (Time Inc.) (2008-02-01). Retrieved on 2 February 2008.
^ a b AAP (2008-02-06). "Heath Ledger's Family Returns to Perth", The Sunday Times (PerthNow), news.com.au. Retrieved on 6 February 2008.
^ Stephen M. Silverman (2008-02-04). "Heath Ledger's Family Heads Home", People Magazine, People.com. Retrieved on 4 February 2008.
^ a b Brenda Rodriguez (2008-02-05). "A Sorrowful Return to Australia for Heath Ledger's Family", People Magazine, People.com. Retrieved on 5 February 2008.
^ AAP (2008-02-09). "Heath Ledger Farewelled at Perth Funeral", news.com.au. Retrieved on 9 February 2008.
^ Associated Press (2008-02-06). "Reports: Michelle Williams Arrives in Perth for Heath Ledger's Funeral", International Herald Tribune. Retrieved on 7 February 2008.
^ a b Michelle Cazzalino (in Perth) and Ellen Connolly (2008-02-10). "Last, Sad Farewell for Heath", The Sunday Telegraph, LexisNexis.com, p. 5 (Local; State Ed. and Country Main Ed.). Retrieved on 12 February 2008.
^ "Summary Of Record Information: Heath Andrew Ledger" (Web). Karrakatta Cemetery. mcb.wa.gov.au (Metropolitan Cemeteries Board, Western Australia). Retrieved on 2008-08-07.
^ Michelle Cazzulino and Stephen Corby (2008-02-10). "Entertainment: Top Stories: Star Swim at Heath Ledger's Farewell: Ledger Wake Held in Perth", www.news.com. Retrieved on 9 February 2008.
^ Wendy Caccetta and Nicole Cox (2008-02-10). "Beach Tribute to Heath Ledger", The Courier Mail, www.news.com.au. Retrieved on 9 February 2008.
^ Michelle Cazzulino and Stephen Corby (2008-02-10). "Michelle Williams Swims at Heath Ledger's Wake", The Daily Telegraph, news.com.au. Retrieved on 10 February 2008.
^ Jane Hammond and Phillipa Prior (2008-02-09). "Celebrities, Friends and Family Remember a Local Star", The West Australian. Retrieved on 9 February 2008.
^ Paul Lieberman (2008-02-06). "Heath Ledger's Death Ruled Accidental Overdose", The Los Angeles Times, LATimes.com. Retrieved on 6 February 2008.
^ a b Larry King (2008-02-06). "Video: Larry King Live: Ledger Death" (Web Video clip), Larry King Live, CNN. Retrieved on 5 February 2008. "CNN's Larry King talks to guests about the finding that actor Heath Ledger died from an accidental drug overdose."
^ Chris Harris (2008-01-24). "Heath Ledger's Last Hours: New Details Emerge" (Web), MTV Movie News, mtv.com (MTV Networks). Retrieved on 8 August 2008.
^ Peter Mitchell (2008-02-07). "Heath Ledger Death Results Delayed" (Web), The Daily Telegraph, news.com.au. Retrieved on 5 February 2008.
^ "Home deaths from Drug Errors Soar", CNN, cnn.com (Associated Press) (2008-07-28). Retrieved on 4 August 2008. "Deaths from medication mistakes at home, such as actor Heath Ledger's accidental overdose, rose dramatically during the past two decades, an analysis of U.S. death certificates finds. ... The findings, based on nearly 50 million U.S. death certificates, are published in Monday [4 August 2008]'s Archives of Internal Medicine. Of those, more than 224,000 involved fatal medication errors, including overdoses and mixing prescription drugs with alcohol or street drugs. ... Deaths from medication mistakes at home increased from 1,132 deaths in 1983 to 12,426 in 2004. Adjusted for population growth, that amounts to an increase of more than 700 percent during that time."
^ WENN (World Entertainment News Network) (2008-02-29). "Heath Ledger Doctors Cleared", Hollywood.com, Hollywood Media Corp.. Retrieved on 5 March 2008.
^ Nicole Weisensee Egan (2008-02-28). "Report: Doctors Cleared in Ledger Investigation", People, people.com. Retrieved on 5 March 2008.
^ Murray Weiss (2008-08-04). "Olsen to Heath Feds: Let's Deal: Demands Immunity from Probers" (Web), New York Post, nypost.com (News Corporation). Retrieved on 4 August 2008.
^ "Official: Mark-Kate Olsen silent on Ledger OD" (Web). Associated Press. MSNBC (2008-08-04). Retrieved on 2008-10-27.
^ Staff and Agencies (2008-08-05). "Mary-Kate Olsen Denies Supplying Heath Ledger with Drugs" (Web), The Guardian, guardian.co.uk (Guardian Media Group). Retrieved on 5 August 2008.
^ "Olsen Seeks Immunity over Ledger" (Web), BBC News, BBC (2008-08-05). Retrieved on 5 August 2008.
^ "Lawyer: Mary-Kate Olsen Had 'Nothing to Do' with Heath Ledger's Drugs" (Web), People, people.com (Time Inc.) (2008-08-04). Retrieved on 5 August 2008.
^ Nicole Weisensee Egan (2008-08-06). "Source: Feds Officially Close Heath Ledger Investigation" (Web), People, people.com (Time Inc.). Retrieved on 6 August 2008.
^ a b Shawn Adler (2008-08-06). "Heath Ledger Investigation Reportedly Closed; Mary-Kate Olsen Won't Have to Testify: U.S. Attorney's Office Filed No Charges Before Closing Probe into Actor's Overdose Death" (Web), MTV.com, MTV. Retrieved on 6 August 2008.
^ Fox News and the Associated Press (2008-08-06). "Investigation into Heath Ledger's Death Closed" (Web), Fox News, foxnews.com (News Corporation). Retrieved on 6 August 2008.
^ Heath Ledger (2008-03-27). "Last Will & Testament" (Web). TMZ.com (Documents). aolcdn.com (reposted on 12 April 2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
^ TMZ staff (2008-03-27). "Celebrity Justice: Heath's Will -- No Joke", TMZ.com (blog), tmz.com. Retrieved on 23 April 2008.
^ a b "Ledger's Uncles: Michelle Williams May Have to Fight for Matilda’s Inheritance" (Web), Fox News, foxnews.com (2008-03-10). Retrieved on 23 April 2008. "Kim Ledger moved quickly to deny his granddaughter and Michelle Williams would be left without an inheritance and said Matilda was his family's absolute priority. 'Matilda is our absolute priority and Michelle is an integral part of our family ... They will be taken care of and that's how Heath would want it to be,' Kim Ledger says in the statement. ... The uncles estimated their nephew's estate would be worth Australian $20 million after his earnings from the latest 'Batman' movie were calculated."
^ Sean Cowan (2008-03-15). "Ledger Feud Grows Over 'second' Will", The Age, theage.com.au. Retrieved on 15 March 2008. "Some of Heath Ledger's relatives may be planning a legal challenge against his will after it emerged the actor may have written a second will after his daughter was born, leaving most of his multimillion-dollar fortune to her. ... Ledger's second will, which is understood to be unsigned, was reportedly drawn up after Matilda's birth. ... The looming battle over which of Ledger's wills should be used to divide his estate ... has caused waves on this side of the Pacific, with his uncles Mike and Haydn Ledger accusing their brother — and Heath's father — Kim of mismanaging their late grandfather's [A]$2 million estate. ... Kim Ledger hit back this week, issuing a statement claiming his estranged brothers did not know what they were talking about. ... Under the terms of the first will, the division of the estate will be managed by Kim Ledger's former business colleague Robert John Collins and Geraldton accountant William Mark Dyson."
^ Peter Mitchell (2008-09-03). "Ledger's Estate Sells His Hollywood Hills Home", news.com.au, News Limited. Retrieved on 2 September 2008. "[According to Los Angeles County public records], Heath Ledger's estate has sold ... [his] Hollywood Hills home ... for [US]$US2.5 million ($A2.99 million) [in May 2008]."
^ Melissa Castellanos (2008-03-24). "Williams' Dad Questions Ledger's Will: Larry Williams Wants Kim Ledger To Explain Why Estate Is Valued At Only $145,000", Showbuzz, cbsnews.com. Retrieved on 30 March 2008.
^ Gemma Jones and Janet Fife-Yeomans (2008-03-31). "Did Heath Ledger Father a Secret Love Child?", The Daily Telegraph, news.com.au. Retrieved on 25 July 2008. "The April will lists only [US]$145,000 in assets and names the late actor's father, Kim, mother Sally Bell, sister Kate Ledger and half sisters Olivia Ledger and Ashleigh Bell as the only beneficiaries. The New York documents also acknowledge Matilda Rose, as Ledger's only known child, as an interested party."
^ Garry Maddox (2009-03-29). "Good Will Hunting", The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved on 30 March 2008. "Beyond the tangled web of Heath Ledger's estate, two final films and his celebrated Brokeback performance ensure the money will keep flowing."
^ Nick Squires (2008-04-01). "Heath Ledger 'fathered a secret love child' " (Web), The Daily Telegraph (UK), Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved on 6 August 2008. "If the claims are proved to be true, Ledger's multi-million pound estate would have to be divided between the child he fathered in his teens and his two-year-old daughter, Matilda Rose, whose mother is Hollywood actress Michelle Williams. ... The actor's parents, Kim and Sally Ledger, have declined to comment on the reports [based on comments by other family members, including his uncle Haydn Ledger]."
^ "Denied: No Love Child for Heath Ledger" (Web), OK!, okmagazine.com (OK! Magazine, Northern & Shell North America Ltd.) (2008-04-03). Retrieved on 6 August 2008.
^ "Heath Ledger's Uncle: Love Child Reports Are 'absolutely beserk' " (Web), Us Weekly, usmagazine.com (Wenner Media LLC) (2008-04-03). Retrieved on 6 August 2008.
^ a b Janet Fife-Yeomans (2008-07-15). "Entertainment: Heath Ledger's Daughter Matilda's Estate Claim Decision" (Web), news.com.au, News Limited. Retrieved on 10 August 2008. "[Matilda Rose's] mother, actor Michelle Williams, will have to officially lodge a claim with the court supported by an affadavit which could end up in the public domain, legal experts said."
^ a b Joyce Eng (2008-09-29). "Heath Ledger's Daughter to Inherit Estate" (Web), tvguide.com (Community Blog entry), OpenGate Capital. Retrieved on 11 December 2008.
^ a b Associated Press (2008-09-29). "Ledger's Daughter to Inherit Late Actor's Estate" (Web), AOL Australia Celebrity Channel, AOL Australia. Retrieved on 11 December 2008.
^ Michelle Nichols (2008-10-29). "Elvis Ranked Top-earning Dead Celebrity" (Web). Reuters.com. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved on 2008-12-10. "Forbes.com said it spoke to experts and sources inside the dead celebrities' estates and researched gross earnings, before taxes, management fees and other costs, from the period of October 2007 to October 2008 to come up with the rankings." Based on its estimates, Nichols reports, Forbes.com ranks Ledger as third among the world's highest-earning deceased celebrities for that year, following Elvis Presley (1) and Charles M. Schulz (2).
^ a b Larry Carroll (2008-03-18). "'Dark Knight' Stars, Director Want Film To 'Celebrate' Heath Ledger's Work" (Web), MTV (Movies), mtv.com. Retrieved on 27 April 2008.
^ WENN (World Entertainment News Network) (2008-01-28). "Gilliam Trying to Save Last Ledger Film", Hollywood.com, Hollywood Media Corp.. Retrieved on 2 February 2008.
^ Matt Brady (2008-01-23). "Heath Ledger Dies" (Web), Newsarama (Forum), forum.newsarama.com. Retrieved on 22 January 2008.
^ "Moriarty" (2008-02-15). "AICN exclusive! We Know Who’s Paying Tribute To Heath Ledger In Dr. Parnassus Now!" (Web), aintitcool.com, Ain't It Cool News (Harry Knowles). Retrieved on 17 February 2008.
^ Shawn Adler (2008-02-15). "Heath Ledger's Final Film To Go Forward - With Johnny Depp, Jude Law, Colin Farrell in His Role", MTV. Retrieved on 15 February 2008. "Report: The three actors have signed on to complete film. ... Heath Ledger died last month at the age of 28, but his final performance will live on - thanks to a little creativity and some famous friends. ... Johnny Depp, Jude Law and Colin Farrell have all signed on to film scenes as Ledger's character in Terry Gilliam's 'The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus,' a magical re-telling of the Faust story, according to Aintitcoolnews.com. The announcement serves as a memorial tribute to the man many have called one of the best actors of his generation."
^ "Arts Briefly: Three Actors Replace Heath Ledger" (Web), The New York Times, The New York Times Company (2008-02-19). Retrieved on 19 February 2008. "Jude Law, Colin Farrell, and Johnny Depp ... will replace Heath Ledger ... in the film he was starring in when he died last month, Ain't It Cool News reported. ... Mr. Ledger was playing a character who is transported into three separate dimensions. These will now be inhabited, instead, by Mr. Depp, Mr. Law and Mr. Farrell."
^ "Trio Give Fees to Ledger's Child" (Web), BBC News, bbc.co.uk (BBC) (2008-08-19). Retrieved on 20 August 2008. "The trio of actors who replaced Heath Ledger in his final film have donated their fees for the movie to the late star's young daughter. ... Gilliam said: 'They didn't take money – it goes to Heath's daughter. ... The great thing about it was that when Heath died those three actors came along and saved the day. It's now four actors creating one character.' "
^ Scott Brown. "Dark Knight Director Shuns Digital Effects for the Real Thing" (Web). Wired (wired.com (Condé Nast Publications)) (24 June 2008). http://www.wired.com/entertainment/hollywood/magazine/16-07/ff_darknight?currentPage=all. Retrieved on 24 June 2008.
^ "Dark Knight Dedicated to Ledger" (Web), BBC News Online, bbc.co.uk (2008-06-27). Retrieved on 27 June 2008. "The special tribute reads: 'In memory of our friends Heath Ledger and Conway Wickliffe'."
^ Brandon Gray (2008-07-23). "News: 'Dark Knight' Begins Smashingly" (Web). Box Office Mojo. boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved on 2008-08-02. "'I give credit to [Dark Knight writer-director] [sic] Christopher Nolan,' said Dan Fellman, Warner Bros.' president of distribution. 'With Batman Begins, he picked up on the last Batman [Batman and Robin] [sic], which was down to $107 million, and started a new franchise. We did $205 million, almost double. With strong DVD sales and terrific showings on television, we built a bigger audience base.' Fellman also credited The Dark Knight's trailer, the Joker villain, Heath Ledger's performance and positive early reviews among other factors. 'All of this led to the groundswell,' Fellman added."
^ David Denby. "The Current Cinema: Past Shock: 'The Dark Knight' and 'WALL-E' " (Web). The New Yorker (newyorker.com (Condé Nast Publications)) (21 July 2008): 92–93. http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/cinema/2008/07/21/080721crci_cinema_denby. Retrieved on 17 July 2008. "When Ledger wields a knife, he is thoroughly terrifying (do not, despite the PG-13 rating, bring the children), and, as you're watching him, you can't help wondering—in a response that admittedly lies outside film criticism—how badly he messed himself up in order to play the role this way.". (Postdated)
^ "Christian Bale: Blaming Heath Ledger's Death on Joker Role Is 'Rude' " (Web). US Weekly (usmagazine.com (Wenner Media LLC)) (14 July 2008). http://www.usmagazine.com/christian-bale-blaming-heath-ledgers-death-on-joker-role-is-rude. Retrieved on 3 August 2008. "Christian Bale, who plays Batman in The Dark Knight, says it is inaccurate to blame co-star Heath Ledger's death on his role as the Joker. ... 'Personally, I find it to be a complete lack of understanding of acting,' the actor, 34, told Matt Lauer on Today Monday [14 July 2008] (Watch above ). ...'I also found it very rude to try to create some kind of a sound bite for such a tragedy,' Bale said. 'The man was a complex man, he [was] a good man. I saw him as having nothing but the best time playing the Joker.' ". [Includes video clip and related hyperlinks.]
^ Jessica Herndon. "Britney Spears, Heath Ledger Get People's Choice Nods" (Web), People, Time Inc. (Time Warner)date=2008-11-10. Retrieved on 11 December 2008.
^ Nina Hämmerling Smith (2008-07-28). "Movie News: Ledger's Knight Costars Call for Posthumous Oscar" (Web). tvguide.com (Community: TV Guide Editors' Blog entry). OpenGate Capital. Retrieved on 2008-12-11.
^ Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (2008-08-04). "Key Dates Announced for 81st Academy Awards®". Press release. Retrieved on 11 December 2008.
^ Christopher Campbell (2007-10-09). "Details about Terry Gilliam's 'The Imaginarium of Dr. Parnassus'" (Web). Cinematical.com. Moviefone (AOL). Retrieved on 2008-08-02. "[via Rotten Tomatoes]."
^ Heather Adler (2007-04-10). "(Not So) Modest Mouse Speaks" (Web). dose.ca. Canwest Interactive. Retrieved on 2008-12-12. "Hunky Hollywood actor Heath Ledger has even signed up to create a video for an unreleased track with legendary animator Terry Gilliam of Monty Python fame. ... 'We kind of befriended Heath Ledger awhile back through our tour manager and he'd been wanting to do a video,' [lead singer and guitarist Isaac] Brock explains. 'Just recently, a couple of days ago, he [Ledger] said Terry Gilliam wants to animate it. ... It's for a song that's not even on the record. It's called "King Rat." ' ... The song will also be available on a forthcoming Modest Mouse EP that will feature tracks that didn't make it onto We Were Dead Before the Ship Even Sank. Brock says he isn't sure when the second disc will be ready due to time constraints...."
Filmography
Filmography
Television
Year Title Role Notes
1993 Ship to Shore Cyclist
1996 Sweat Snowy Bowles Series regular
1997 Home and Away Scott Irwin Guest
Roar Conor Series regular
Film
See also: List of Heath Ledger's awards and nominations
# Year Title Role Notes Country
1 1992 Clowning Around Orphan clown AUS
2 1997 Blackrock Toby AUS
3 Paws Oberon AUS
4 1999 Two Hands Jimmy AFI Award nominee (Best Actor in a Leading Role) AUS
5 10 Things I Hate About You Patrick Verona MTV Movie Awards Nominee (Best Musical Sequence) U.S.
6 2000 The Patriot Gabriel Martin U.S.
7 2001 Monster's Ball Sonny Grotowski U.S.
8 A Knight's Tale Sir William Thatcher / Sir Ulrich von Lichtenstein of Gelderland MTV Movie Awards nominee (Best Kiss, Best Musical Sequence; both shared with Shannyn Sossamon) U.S.
9 2002 The Four Feathers Harry Faversham U.S.
10 2003 The Order Alex Bernier U.S.
11 Ned Kelly Ned Kelly AFI Award nominee (Best Actor in a Leading Role) AUS
12 2005 Casanova Giacomo Casanova U.S.
13 The Brothers Grimm Jacob Grimm U.S.
14 Lords of Dogtown Skip Engblom U.S.
15 Brokeback Mountain Ennis del Mar Academy Award nominee (Best Lead Actor)
Golden Globe nominee (Best Lead Actor - Drama)
BAFTA Award nominee (Best Lead Actor)
SAG nominee (Best Lead Actor, Best Ensemble Cast)
AFI Award (International Award for Best Actor, Reader's Choice Best Actor)
Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor
MTV Movie Awards (Best Kiss, shared with Jake Gyllenhaal)
New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor U.S.
16 2006 Candy Dan AFI Award nominee (Best Actor in a Leading Role)
IF Award nominee (Best Actor)
FCCA Award nominee (Best Actor) AUS
17 2007 I'm Not There Robbie Clark Ledger posthumously shared 2007 Independent Spirit Robert Altman Award with cast and crew presented on 23 February 2008. U.S.
18 2008 The Dark Knight The Joker Released in July 2008, six months after Ledger's death.
AFI International Award (Best Actor)
GQ Australia Men of the Year Awards (Best Actor)
LAFCA Award (Best Supporting Actor)
Scream Awards (Best Actor in a Fantasy Movie or TV Show, Best Villain, Best Line); nominee (Most Memorable Mutilation)
Golden Globe Award (Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture) (nominee; TBD) U.S.
19 2009 The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus Tony[156] post-production
Television
Year Title Role Notes
1993 Ship to Shore Cyclist
1996 Sweat Snowy Bowles Series regular
1997 Home and Away Scott Irwin Guest
Roar Conor Series regular
Film
See also: List of Heath Ledger's awards and nominations
# Year Title Role Notes Country
1 1992 Clowning Around Orphan clown AUS
2 1997 Blackrock Toby AUS
3 Paws Oberon AUS
4 1999 Two Hands Jimmy AFI Award nominee (Best Actor in a Leading Role) AUS
5 10 Things I Hate About You Patrick Verona MTV Movie Awards Nominee (Best Musical Sequence) U.S.
6 2000 The Patriot Gabriel Martin U.S.
7 2001 Monster's Ball Sonny Grotowski U.S.
8 A Knight's Tale Sir William Thatcher / Sir Ulrich von Lichtenstein of Gelderland MTV Movie Awards nominee (Best Kiss, Best Musical Sequence; both shared with Shannyn Sossamon) U.S.
9 2002 The Four Feathers Harry Faversham U.S.
10 2003 The Order Alex Bernier U.S.
11 Ned Kelly Ned Kelly AFI Award nominee (Best Actor in a Leading Role) AUS
12 2005 Casanova Giacomo Casanova U.S.
13 The Brothers Grimm Jacob Grimm U.S.
14 Lords of Dogtown Skip Engblom U.S.
15 Brokeback Mountain Ennis del Mar Academy Award nominee (Best Lead Actor)
Golden Globe nominee (Best Lead Actor - Drama)
BAFTA Award nominee (Best Lead Actor)
SAG nominee (Best Lead Actor, Best Ensemble Cast)
AFI Award (International Award for Best Actor, Reader's Choice Best Actor)
Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor
MTV Movie Awards (Best Kiss, shared with Jake Gyllenhaal)
New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor U.S.
16 2006 Candy Dan AFI Award nominee (Best Actor in a Leading Role)
IF Award nominee (Best Actor)
FCCA Award nominee (Best Actor) AUS
17 2007 I'm Not There Robbie Clark Ledger posthumously shared 2007 Independent Spirit Robert Altman Award with cast and crew presented on 23 February 2008. U.S.
18 2008 The Dark Knight The Joker Released in July 2008, six months after Ledger's death.
AFI International Award (Best Actor)
GQ Australia Men of the Year Awards (Best Actor)
LAFCA Award (Best Supporting Actor)
Scream Awards (Best Actor in a Fantasy Movie or TV Show, Best Villain, Best Line); nominee (Most Memorable Mutilation)
Golden Globe Award (Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture) (nominee; TBD) U.S.
19 2009 The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus Tony[156] post-production
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